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5.0 Intestinal amoeba - Coggle Diagram
5.0 Intestinal amoeba
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Entamoeba histolytica
1.Entamoeba histolytica is an anaerobic parasitic amoebozoan, part of the genusEntamoeba
- Predominantly infecting humans and other primates causing amoebiasis
- E. histolytica is estimated to infect about 50 million people worldwide. Previously, it was thought that 10% of the world population was infected, but these figures predate the recognition that at least 90% of these infections were due to a second species, E. dispar.
- Mammals such as dogs and cats can become infected transiently, but are not thought to contribute significantly to transmission.
Life cycle
DH: Human
Reservoir hosts – dogs, pigs and monkeys.
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- Cysts (formed stool) and trophozoites (loose stool) are passed in feces
- Infection by Entamoeba histolytica occurs by ingestion of “mature” cysts in fecally contaminated food, water, or hands – “feco-oral”
- Excystation (cyst become trophozoite) occurs in the small intestine and trophozoites are released, which migrate to the large intestine.
- The trophozoites multiply by binary fission and produce cysts and both stages are passed in the feces
AMEBIASIS
a.Pulmonary amebiasis
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Other ectopic (in an abnormal place or position) sites:
Brain, skin, and penis (acquired venereally)
Rare ectopic sites:
Kidney, adrenals, and spleen
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c.Treatment
Metronidazole
-Low toxicity
-Effective against extraintestinal and colonic infection, as well as cysts.
-Can cause severe side effects (if taken with alcohol).
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