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Lyophilization, image, 2:low temperature and pressure , 3:Vacuum dry, …
Lyophilization
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History
Atlas in 1961 built 6 production freeze drying cabinet for Nestle group in Germany, Holland.
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Introduction
A stabilizing process in which a substance is first frozen and then the quantity of the solvent is reduced, first by sublimation (primary drying stage) and then desorption (secondary drying stage) to values that will no longer support biological activity or chemical reactions
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Disadvantages
Many biological molecules are damaged by the stress associated with freezing, freeze-drying , both.
The product is prone to oxidation
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Cost may be an issue, depending on the product
long time process
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Applications
Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology
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Advantages
Removal of water at low temperature
Thermolabile materials can be dried
Compatible with aseptic operations
More precise fill weight control
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