Diseases associated with arrhythmias are sinus nodal disease, atrioventricular nodal disease, dilated car- diomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopa- thy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, chronic degenerative valvular disease, cardiac neoplasia, abdominal neoplasia, systemic or metabolic disorders (e.g., electrolyte disturbances), sepsis, coagulopathies causing myo- cardial changes, myocarditis, or drug-induced (e.g., digitalis intoxication)