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Mining and Fossil Fuels - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Stages involved in this type of mining:
        
        Clear vegetation and remove the top soil
        
        Break up and loosen the rock by using explosives
        
        Use diggers to remove the loose rock
        
        Tip the rock or mineral into trucks or railway wagons
      - Disadvantages:
        A large hole is left in the ground by this type of mining.
        -Large amounts of waste rocks are mined.
        -Major disruption of surface.
        -Higher pollution generation, which creates an impact on society.
      - Advantages:
        -Open pits can be brought into production faster.
        -In some cases, the first ground removed from the pit is ore.
        -Open pits are generally safer than deep mining.
        -Operations are highly visible to management which makes easier control.
    - - Stages involving deep mining:
        
        Sinking a vertical shaft down to the rock layer containing minerals
        
        Making a horizontal tunnel following the mineral layer
        
        Extracting the minerals by digging done by miners and machines
        
        Bringing the loose rock from the mine and piling it up on waste heaps on the surface
        
        Bringing the minerals to the, to be transported away in trucks
      - Disadvantages:
        -Destruction of land, surface subsidence, abandoned shafts, extensive surface spoil heaps, mine explosions, collapses and flooding.
      - Advantages:
        Leads to more minerals and ore, also creates less pollution.