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Chemistry U3AOS2 - Coggle Diagram
Chemistry U3AOS2
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Le Chatelier's Principle
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Dilution
increase volume = decrease concentration, shift to the side with more particles
Use of a catalyst
increases rate of both the forward and backward reactions equally, K doesn't change, equilibrium doesn't change
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Industrial cells
Membrane Cell
membrane used to seperate products formed, only allows for positive ions to pass (Na+), results in very pure NAOH with little Cl- concentration
Hall Heroult Cell
produces molten aluminium, oxygen and Al3+ is in cryolite
Downs Cell
inert electrodes, use molten electrolyte, converts NaCl into Na(l) and Cl2(g)
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Electroplating
silver plating, object is always at cathode
Refining of Copper
impure copper at anode, pure copper at cathode, electrons move from anode to cathode, impurities fall from the impure copper to the bottom of the cell as anode sludge
Faraday's Laws
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In order to have electrolysis, 1/2/3 electrons (faradays) must be passed through the system, use mole ratio
Q = I t
Q is charge (columbs), I is current (amps), t is time (secs)
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Electrolysis
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Electrolytic cell
one cell, electrical -> chemical energy, anode (positive), cathode (negative), external source of electrons (battery
Predicting Reactions
Molten
no water, only specific ions in electrolyte and electrode
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