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Military mobilisation, Economic mobilisation, Growth of governmental power…
Military mobilisation
Allied powers
men power: Russia 1,400,000＋ France1,290,000＋Britain 120,000＋Belgium186,000 ＋Serbia 190,000
212 army division available for mobilisation
Central powers
146 army division available for mobilisation
men power: Germany 1,900,000＋ AH 450,000
Germany's inferiority was covered by their efficiency. Divisions were commanded by skilled generals and troops were trained in rigorous traditional manner while allied troopes only had numerical advantage over the central powers
Economic mobilisation
Central power
Germany
Germany indebted from private banks and citizens as war spending has left Germany's national debt to 5 billion marks in 1914 to 156 billion in 1918
Germany suffered from inflation caused by the combination of British blockade of import goods and crop that infested the domestic agricultural product.
Austria Hungary
Austria Hungary suffered from war debt as their economy was relatively small compared to other European powers. Governmental revenue was could not cover the proportion of war debt of which other European powers covered . Government was not economically prepared for war.
According to Teleszky, only 5,2 % of Hungarian war expenditures were financed through ordinary budget revenues, while 94,8 % were financed through government loans. Other European powers covered around 20-30% of their war expenditures from their governmental revenues
Allied power
Britain
Britain's economy was sustained thanks to loans from US
United State
US supplied Britain with food and raw materials to keep its efficiency as a country
At the end of war both Britain and Germany faced huge amounts of debts
Growth of governmental power
Allied powers
Britain
Rationing system was introduced in Britain after a year of war for the equal distribution of food and resources in the period of shortages.The consumers were recommended to follow frugal life.
Britain established a state owned facilities for the specialised production of steel and raw materials.
Journalists and writers wrote stories in a way that made the British and their allies look successful. If the Army or Navy had done well in battle, the story would be on the front page with a bold headline.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zqhyb9q/articles/zhw3jhv
But the Government knew spies might read the papers. A law was passed to stop newspapers from printing information which could help the enemy or make British people feel unhappy about the war.
https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/topics/zqhyb9q/articles/zhw3jhv
In August 1916, a famous British film was shown in cinemas about the Battle of the Somme.
Britain the Defence of the Realm Act (DORA), 1914, gave the government wide ranging powers to police many aspects of daily life
France
State of siege- 8 departments under control of military law and governmental officials
Central powers
The Austria-Hungary Empire government produced most of its propaganda through censored newspaper reports of the “truth” from the front lines. This 1917 edition of an annual censored newspaper contains images and descriptions that tell citizens what they desire to hear from the war.
http://blogs.bu.edu/guidedhistory/moderneurope/europeanpropagandaduringworldwar1/
War bond propaganda inducing the sale of war bonds to prop up the cause of fighting the Allies among citizens whose spirits are worn out. The Austria-Hungary government promoted an abundance of war bond drives through propaganda not only to fund the military, but to provide citizens with the sense of individual importance. Austria Hungary had gross issue funding for war expenditure and approximately 53% of the expenditure was covered through issuing war lones.
http://blogs.bu.edu/guidedhistory/moderneurope/europeanpropagandaduringworldwar1/
Germany produced some partriortic propaganda although as they did not put effort with propaganda, they fell behind the alliance powers
In Germany, executive power was given to the deputy commanding generals of Germany's 24 military districts
Human mobilisation
Allied power
Women composed one part in the military factories. Family farm during the war was run by women. Women replaced the occupation that was vacated for only men as men went to war. By 1918, 80% of shells used by Britain was made by women.
Central power
Both Austria Hungary and Germany did not deploy women in work as much as Britain and France.
WW1 Extent of mobilisation