Assignment_9_B
- Carriers of the sickle cell trait experience at high altitude..
"Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is one of the common hemoglobinopathies in the world. It can affect any part of the body and one of the most common and an early organ to be affected in SCA is the spleen. Massive splenic infarction which is arbitrarily defined as infarction involving more than 50% of the spleen size is a rare and unique complication of SCA.[1] In sickle cell trait, large splenic infarcts in the normal sized spleen were reported following exposure to hypoxia during high altitude flights in an unpressurized air planes or during mountain climbing.[2,3]"
- Mosquitos can transmit malaria.. distribution: 85-90% in Sub-Saharan Africa
- Despite the fact that sickle cell disease shortens life expectancy..Carrier frequency between 10-40% across equatorial Africa
- About 1 in 12 African-Americans living in the US are carriers of the SCT.. contrast: 1/100 US-Americans
- Why did the Pittsburgh Steelers head coach not allow leading tackler to play game against Denver Broncos?
Denver is located at an high altitude of 5280 feet(one mile high) above sea level
high ground can cause symptoms when person has SCT
tackler probably has SCT
Estimated 3.4 billion people in 92 countries are ! at risk! of being infected with malaria and developing disease, 1.1 billion are at high risk
219 million estimated cases worldwide in 2017
between 2010 and 2017 decrease in
global malaria incidence
-18%
global malaria deaths
-28%
death distribution
children aged under 5 years : 61%
geographical distribution
93 % in WHO African Region
source for additional information
life expectancy of SCD patients
men
42 years
women
48 years
distribution
up to 3 % of newborns in Africa carry it (depending on region)
symptoms of Malaria
high fever and chills
While approximately 100,000 Americans have SCD
1 out of every 365 Black or African-American births develops Sickle Cell Disease
1 in 13 African American babies is born with Sickle cell Trait
VS
Sickle Cell disease(SCD)
Sickle cell trait(SCT)
SCD Costs etc.
1989 - 1993
475 million $
75,000 hospitalizations
only one gene inherited from a parent
does not develop disease
has inherited 2 copies, one from each parent
both parents must have been infected ( evidence in 1)