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COMMUNICATION, Noise - Coggle Diagram
COMMUNICATION
Communication Process Components
Social Context
The setting in which the communication takes place.
Sender
The sender initiates the communication process by encoding his or her meaning and sending the message through a channel.
Encoding
Encoding translates the sender’s ideas into a systematic set of symbols or a language expressing the communicator’s purpose.
Messages
The tangible forms of coded symbols that are intended to give a particular meaning to the information or data.
Channel
The carrier of the message or the means by which the message is sent.
Receiver
The receiving person or group must make sense of the information received.
Feedback
The process of verifying messages and the receiver’s attempts to ensure that the message he or she decoded is what the sender really meant to convey.
Sources of Communication Barriers
Cross-Cultural Diversity
Individuals from different cultures may encode and decode their messages differently.
Trust and Credibility
A very important barrier to effective communication is a lack of trust between the sender and the receiver.
Information Overload
Managers and organizations can experience information overload when the amount of data that can be processed is exceeded.
Language Characteristics
Many words and phrases in our language are imprecise. Individuals often use different meanings or interpretations of the same word and do not realize it.
Gender Differences and Other Factors
Gender differences can result in breakdowns and lead to distorted communication and misunderstandings between men and women.
Other Factors
time pressures may cause us to focus on information that helps us make a choice quickly. Feedback may be impaired or absent.
Achieving Communication Effectiveness
Seek to clarify your idea before communicating
The more systematically you analyze the problem or idea to be communicated, the clearer it becomes.
Examine the true purpose of each communication
What you really want to accomplish with your message. The sharper focus of your message the greater its chances of success.
Consult with others, when appropriate
Such consultation often lends additional insight and objectivity to your message. Moreover, those who have helped you plan your communication will give their active support.
Be mindful while you communicate
Your tone of voice, your expression, your apparent receptiveness to the response and reactions of others
Follow up your communication
Follow up is important in order to get feedback for every important communication so that we can get the complete understanding and appropriate action result.
Your action support your communication
The most persuasive kind of communication is not what you say, but what you do. When your action or attitudes contradict your words, other then to discount what you have said.
Interpersonal Communication Categories
Oral Communication
All forms of spoken information; by far the most preferred type of communication used by managers.
Written Communication
Letters, memos, policy manuals, reports, forms, and other documents used to share information in an organization.
Nonverbal Communication
Kinesic behavior, or body motion, such as gestures, facial expressions, and eye behavior.
Physical characteristics, such as body shape, physique, posture, height, and weight.
Technological Communication
Telecommuting or “telework”
The practice of working at a remote site by using a computer linked to a central office or other employment location.
Electronic mail (e-mail)
Sending messages through computerized text-processing and communication networks.
Video conferencing
An umbrella term for technologies that use live video to unite widely dispersed company operations.
The Internet
Essentially, “everything” can be done on the internet.
Informal Organizational Communication
Grapevine patterns
Single strand – A tells B, B tells C, C tells D and so on. This type of grapevine is least accurate at passing on information.
Example: MGT162 cancelled and replaced next day
The gossip grapevine
One person seeks out and tells everyone the information he has obtained. This type of grapevine is often used when information of an interesting but non-job related nature is being conveyed.
Probability
Individual tell people at random, and those people in turn tell others at random.
Cluster
Person A conveys the information to a few selected individuals that he or she trusts/likes. They are most likely to pass on information that is interesting to them and job related.
Communication Channels
Formal Communication Channels
Formal communication follows the chain of command and is recognized as official.
Direction of Flow
One way to view formal communication within organizations is to examine how it flows - vertically and horizontally.
Definition
Communication stems from the Latin root word communicare, which means “to make common.”A process in which one person or group evokes an identical meaning in a second person or group.
Overcoming Barriers to Communication
Choose the right communication medium
Be a good listener
Give effective feedback
Improve cross cultural communication
Vertical Communication
The flow of information both up and down the chain of command.
Horizontal Communication
The flow of information that occurs both within and between departments.
Spontaneous Communication Channels
Opportunistic and informal paths for communication that arise from the social relationships that evolve in the organization.
The Grapevine
An informal method of transmitting information depicted as the wandering of messages throughout the organization
Noise
Any internal or external interference or distraction with the intended message that can cause distortion in the sending and receiving of messages.