Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Urban Futures - Coggle Diagram
Urban Futures
Key terms
Re-urbanisation - A population shift to a previously abandoned urban area. Usually occurs after mass counter-urbanisation, continues to cause environmental damage.
Gentrification - The process of renovating and improving an area to conform to an influx of affluent residents
Counter-urbanisation - A population shift from urban areas to rural areas. Mainly due to noise, traffic, pollution, etc. - extreme counter-urbanisation can result in economic struggle for the city.
Mega cities - Cities with over 10 million people, often connected to water for trade and built on flat land
Suburbanisation - A population shift from central urban areas to suburbs causing urban sprawl. Occurs due to expensive housing, crowded streets, etc. in the city - green space is built on, more air pollution outside of the city centre.
-
Urbanisation - The growth and development of urban areas resulting in an increase in number or size of cities. Economically benefits the country but causes damage to the environment (less green space, pollution, etc.)
World cities - Cities that are centres for trade and business, holding global influence
Istanbul (cs)
-
-
-
Problem: Overcrowding
-
Gecekondus - communities of unplanned, poorly built houses as a result of rapid urbanisation (Turkish slums)
Problem: Traffic
-
Average Istanbul driver speed is 10km/h and commuters will spend an average of 2 hours in traffic per day
London
-
-
Importance in the UK
The centre of politics (Houses of parliament, 10 downing street, etc.)
-
-
Problem: Traffic
Responses
Improvements to public transport - Bus lanes, Boris Bikes, encourages people to use alternative transport to cars
LEZ, ULEZ and Congestion charge - Charge currently £11.50, encourages the use of electric cars (lower emissions)
Problem: Housing
-
66,000 houses must be built every year
Urban growth
Effects
Emissions and litter - Environmentally damaging, Tourists get a negative perception of the city (economically damaging)
Poorly constructed / illegal housing - Dangerous conditions, vulnerable to natural disasters (flooding, earthquakes, etc.)
Overcrowding - Lower quality of life, people more vulnerable to disease / infection, unemployment
Economic development - more people = better economy (taxes, work)
Housing - Net migration can increase the rate of homelessness due to lack of space for central housing
Services - Less available, e.g- healthcare and education, due to the number of people in need of them
-
-
Distribution
Since 1950 there has been a large increase in world cities and megacities, especially in developing countries due to increasing population and industries
-
Key concepts
-
-
-
Migration consequences
Counter-Urbanisation
-
Economic
Business in the city may struggle and rural business, e.g- pubs and restaurants will benefit
-
Re-Urbanisation
-
Economic
New shops and services open, boosting the economy in the city
-
Suburbanisation
-
Social
Wealthier middle-class people move to the suburbs where there is a better quality of life leaving behind poorer and often foreign immigrants (economic and ethnic segregation)
Economic
Fewer people in the inner city, shops may struggle after working hours