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MINERAL LAWS (AMENDMENT ACT), 2020, INDUSTRY - Coggle Diagram

- - - - • Entry 23 of State List (List II) confers power on the State Government for the regulation of minerals subject to the Entry 54 of List I.
      - Ownership of Mineral
        
        • The State Governments are the owners of minerals located within the boundary of the State concerned.
        
        Granting Mineral Concessions
        
        • The State Governments grant mineral concessions for all the minerals located within the boundary of the State, under the provisions of the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 and Mineral Concession Rules, 1960.
        
        • However, for minerals specified in the First Schedule to the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957 approval of the Central Government is necessary. Schedule I contains minerals such as coal and lignite, minerals of the “rare earths” group containing Uranium and Thorium.
        
        Minor Minerals
        
        • Central Government notifies certain minerals as ‘minor’ minerals from time to time for which the absolute powers for deciding on procedures of seeking applications for and granting mineral concessions, fixing rates of royalty, dead rent, and power to revise orders rest only with the State Government. Example of minor minerals include building stones, gravel, ordinary clay, ordinary sand.
        
        • The Central Government is the owner of the minerals underlying the ocean within the territorial waters or the Exclusive Economic Zone of India.
      - • Entry 54 of Centre List (List I) also confers power on the Central Government for regulation of certain mines and minerals decided by the Parliament by law.