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WGC - CH2 - United States and Canada - Coggle Diagram
WGC - CH2 - United States and Canada
Environmental and Historical Contexts
both cover 14% of the world's land surface
Canada's population 1/10 of that of US
Canada's land surface is bigger but less suited for settlement
both come from British colonies
Environmental Setting
Landforms
Canadian Shield
, a shield is a piece of earth's crust thats is very old and geologically very stable, a continental nucleus, around which mountains form.
Appalachian Highlands
, east and south of canada, the eastern mountain backbone of the US and Canada.
low lying, yet imposing, system of mountains extends from Newfoundland to northern Alabama.
Highlands contain distinct landform regions. Piedmont is an old, highly eroded plateu forming the eastern margin of the Appalachians from Penssylvania to central Georgia
A series of Rivenr and stream rapidas marks the edge of the Piedmont whre it descends onto the coastal plain.
The Allegheny Mountains in Pennsylvania, retain features characteristic of plateaus, the region has vas coal reserves of North America.
Interior Lowlands that go from US to Alaska
Rocky Mountains and the eroded plateau
san andres fault
Columbia plateau that is very fertile
Climate
defined seasonal changes
wind direction is from the west
mountain ranges in the west modify air masses as they move eastward without drying them up.
the configuration of mountain systems and the size of the continental landmass create a condition called Continentalyy in the interior of the continent, in which the atmosphere takes a more extreme heating and cooling charateristics of land rather than water., winters are colder and sumnmers more hot
Gulf of Mexico provides an important source of moisture for the Gulf Coast and the Interior Lowlands
Humid subtropical climate un the US gulf Coast, covering south eastern United States
on the pacific coast there is mediterranean climate, or dry subtropical climate.
early settlement: European culture cores
how groups form cores or
culture hearths
, centers of innovation and then diffuse these innovations across the landscape.
diffusion process
takes the form of settles moving into new territories,
settlement frontiers
, and establishing their cultures in these territories.
they gradually create trade and other ties with the core area and surrounding communities, and eliminate the frontier through a process of
spatial integration
New England Core
parts of Massachusetts, rhode island, and Connecticut
farming was done for survival, developing a non-agricultural resource base helped later success, this hard working ideas, led later to a flourishing thanks to the industrial revolution
Southern Core
Virginia settlers believed that they would become wealthy from gold and silver.
most commercial agricultural production relied on the plantation system, indentured and slave labour led to the clear distinction between farm workers and farm managers or owners.
Middle Atlantic Core
New York and Pensilvania, parts of new jersey and maryland
English, Dutch, German, Scots-irish, and swedish colonies settled there.
mixed agricultural system focused on the fattening of hogs, cattle and indian maize. Settlers made tools, guns and wagons and worked the deposits of iron ore.
French Canada Core
Nova scotia first, then appeared the New France, Quebec, Montreal, building wealth from furs.
Farmers settled on the shores of the St. Lawrence River and created an agricultural system that was sufficient.
Farms where arranged in long stripts to provide each farmer with access to the river.
life was a Catholic hierarchical in structure.
there was no middle class
Westward Expansion, Immigration, and Receding Settlement Frontiers
Manifest Destiny
, the conviction thats God had willed the continent to the united states to be civilized by Americans and their ennobling institutions.
once US expanded they started their transportation innovation
canals where created and connected to New York which became an important city for trade
railroads complemented water transportation and people transportation
Westward expansion happened in Canada too.
loyalists form the US moved upward to canada
Canada became self governing with the British North America Act.
The new government combined American federalism, confederation of provinces, British Parliamentary form of government, House of Commons and a Senate
the US and Canada are lands largely populated by immigrants and their descendants
two eras
colonial era
, most European migrants were from the British isles, followed by germans, dutch and swedes.
large number of africans were brought involuntarily to the US as Slaves.
national era,
northwestern european wave was still heavily british irish german and Dutch but included first immigrants from Asia and Latam
great deluge, migration from traditional north western european sources, Scandinavia, eastern and southern europe, china, japan and latam
miscellaneous influx, mostly from asia and latam.