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Global Availability of Food, Global Patterns in Health Indicators - Coggle…
Global Availability of Food
We've never produced so much food, but despite that haven't had so many people starving
Poor Distribution of Food
Influence of the economy
Market dynamics
Big international corporations
Force small agribusinesses to leave food production and do other agricultural products
Crop Substitution
Food Nutrition Indicators
Simple Indicators
Average daily calories
Average daily supply as % of daily need
% of undernourished people
Composite Indicators
Global Hunger Index (GHI)
4 components
% of U-5 children with wasting
% of U-5 children with stunting
U-5 children mortality rate
% of undernourished people
Requires complex data which some countries can't collect
Global Food Security Index (FSI)
3 components
Affordability
Availability
Quality & Safety
On top of being as complex as GHI, it requires a huge amount of data as well
Disparities in Access to Food
Uneven Distribution of Food
Farmers in poor countries produce less food per capita
Subsistence agriculture
Poor infrastructure
Little expertise
Big agribusinesses' influence
Food security has improved in developed countries
Improvements in technology and technique
Nutrition transition
Shows the stages of human nutrition and their consequences
Like the demographic transition but with food
5 stages
Farming as a System
Inputs
Physical
Sunlight
Water
Human
Labour
Technology
Planting material
Outputs
Agricultural products
Waste
Processes
Maintain and adapt the environment
Energy Efficiency Ratio
Ratio to determine the sustainability of the "farming system"
Monocultures
Often simper and mass-production systems, but are very unsustainable
Sustainable Agriculture & the Future of Farming
Global population & % of people in the middle class are increasing
Increased meat consumption
More sustainable farming pracitices
Areas of Food Sufficiency and Deficiency
Developed countries have much less people but still manage to compete with less developed countries because of their superior technology and technique
Addressing Unbalances
Paul Ehrlich predicted that the world would starve to death, but due to technological advances it didn't
Technology is the key to address this unbalance
Diffuse technology to poorer countries
Global Patterns in Health Indicators
Measuring health
Distributed unevenly
Some regions have developed their life expectancy more than others, especially when comparing developed countries with developing ones
Good health is important socially & economically
Composite indicators
Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY)
Calculates healthy years lost
Health-adjusted life expectancy (HALE)
Similar to life expectancy but healthy years count more than ill ones
Simple Indicators
Infant mortality rate
Doctors per 1000 people
Access to improved sanitation
Maternal mortality rates
Disease Burden
Costs of any type that are related to health issues
Epidemiological Transition
Same as demographic and population transition but for diseases
3 stages
Diseases of affluence vs. Diseases of Poverty
Diseases of affluence are mostly non-communicable whilst diseases of poverty are mostly communicable
Diffusion
Affluence
Diet
Lifestyle
Environment
Longevity
Poverty
Mostly by and inadequate diet and lack of sanitation
Water-borne Diseases
Parasites and other organisms that are transmitted via dirty water
More common in low-income countries
Diarrhoea
Vector-borne Diseases
Mostly insects (vectors) that transmit the diseases to humans
Their occurrences have increased recently
Warmer climate
Increased travel due to globalization
Malaria