Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
(ENZYMES AND ITS APPLICATIONS) - Coggle Diagram
ENZYMES AND ITS APPLICATIONS
proteinaceous biological catalyst
lowers the activation energy
increases the rate of reaction
substrate reaches transition state earlier
become products earlier
factors
substrate conc
substrate conc increases, rate of reaction increases
reach max velocity when enzymes are saturated
enzyme conc
enzyme conc increases, rate of reaction increases
linear relationship
temperature
temperature increases, rate of reaction increases
until optimum temperature is reached
as temperature further increases, rate of reaction decreases because of denaturation
pH
pH increase, rate of reaction increases
until optimum pH is reached
as pH further increases, rate of reaction decreases because of denaturation
salt conc
salt conc increases, rate of reaction decreases
cofactors to form haloenzymes
essential ions
activator ions, loosely bound
metal ions, tightly bound
coenymes
cosubstrates, loosely bound
prosthetic group, tightly bound
isoenzymes
catalyse same reaction but have different physical/kinetic properties
enzyme assays
measure rate of reaction
appearance of products
disappearance of substrates
changes in light absorbance using spectrophotometer
forces involved
hydrogen bonding
van der waals bonds
hydrophobic interactions
reversible covalent bonds (stronger)
electrostatic interactions
enzyme substrate complex
lock and key
induced fit
classes
oxidoreductase
oxidation and reduction
transferase
transfer between 2 molecules
hydrolase
cuts the bond using water
lyase
cuts bond using amino acids
isomerase
changing structure of substrate, chemical formula remains the same
ligase
join 2/more molecules together to form products
properties of enzymes
highly specific
enzymes are regulated
affected by temperature
affected by pH
affected by salt concentration
coenzymes