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Forces - Coggle Diagram
Forces
Equations
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The equations F = ma & a = ∆v/t lead to the equation: F = m∆v/t
where m∆v = change in momentum ie force equals the rate of change of momentum
General
Newtons Laws
Newtons Second Law
The acceleration of an object is proportional to the resultant force acting on the object, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object.
As an equation: F = ma
Newtons Third Law
Whenever two objects interact, the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite.
Newton's First Law
If the resultant force acting on an object is zero and:
+the object is stationary – the object will remain stationary
+the object is moving – the object will continue to move at the same speed and in the same direction. So the object continues to move at the same velocity.
So, when a vehicle travels at a steady speed the resistive forces balance the driving force.
The tendency of objects to continue in their state of rest or of uniform motion is called inertia.
A single force can be resolved into two components acting at right angles to each other - use Pythagoras’ theorem on forces. The two component forces together have the same effect as the single force.
Force is a vector quantity and can be described as contact or non-contact. Examples of contact forces include friction, air resistance, tension and normal contact force. Examples of non-contact forces are gravitational force, electrostatic force and magnetic force.
A force or a system of forces may cause an object to rotate. The turning effect of a force is called the moment of the force. The size of the moment is defined by the equation:
Moment = Force x perpendicular distance from the pivot
The atmosphere is a thin layer of air round the Earth. The atmosphere gets less dense with increasing altitude.
Air molecules colliding with a surface create atmospheric pressure. The number of air molecules above a surface decreases as the height of the surface above ground level increases. So atmospheric pressure decreases with an increase in height.