Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chemistry Yr 10, Chemical tests - Coggle Diagram
Chemistry Yr 10
Bondings
Ionic
- Strong electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
- held together in a giant lattice structure.
A lattice is a regular array of particles, meaning the positive and negative ions are packed and arranged in a regular manner.
- Brittle
- High melting &boiling point
- Conducts electricity only when liquid
- Metal loses electron --> positive ion
- Non-metal gains electrons --> negative ion
Metallic
- Metal atoms loses electrons --> electrons becomes delocalised
- Strong electrostatic attraction between ions and sea of electrons
- Arranged in neat rows
- Conducts electricity
- Conducts heat
- High melting and boiling points
- Strong
- Malleable
Covalent
- Strong electrostatic attraction between positive nuclei of two atoms and a shared pair of electrons
- Weak intermolecular force --> low melting and boiling points
- Does not conduct electricity or heat (except for graphite)
- Simple covalent molecule --> H2O
- Giant covalent structure --> diamond, graphite, silica
Rust
Barrier method:
- Coat iron in paint/oil/grease/less reactive metal
Galvanising:
- Coat iron with a layer of zinc
- Zinc is more reactive so it will react with oxygen and water instead of iron
Sacrificial protection:
- Using metals more reactive than iron
- The corrosion of these metals prevents iron from rusting
- Can be replaced if all are oxidised
Electrolysis
- Ionic compound either in solution or molten
- Heat applied to it (if molten)
- Electricity is applied to electrodes which is in the liquid ionic compound
- Cation moves to cathode, anion moves to anode
Cathode: If metal is more reactive than hydrogen, hydrogen is produced. If less reactive, metal is produced
Anode: If a halide is present, halogen is produced. If not oxygen is produced
-