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Chemistry - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The atomic number
      - symbol
        
        consists of single upper case letter
        
        sometimes follow by one or two lowercase letters
      - atomic mass
        
        Weight of an atom
        
        (proton no.)+ (neutron no.)
      - state of matter at room temperature
      - Valcency
        
        each column tells us about the valency number
      - Shells
        
        Each row on the periodic table tells the number of shell the element has
  - - - Blue=metals
        
        Properties
        
        shiny
        
        melleable
        
        ductile
        
        sonorous
        
        reacts with water(result:corrosion)
        
        good heat conductor
        
        good electricity conductor
      - Pink= metalliods
        
        They have properties of both metal and non metal
        
        can be shiny or dull
        
        conduct heat and electricity better than non-metals
        
        ductile and malleable
      - Green=non metals
        
        poor conductor of heat
        
        poor conductor of electicity
        
        not ductile or malleable
        
        brittle/ break easily
        
        dull
        
        many non-metals are gases
  - - - One electron in their outermost shell
    - - Can be cut with a knife
    - - Reactions with water
        
        Li(lithium)
        
        floats
        
        gentle fizz
        
        dissolves to form colourless solution(LiOH)
        
        pH 12-14
        
        Sodium
        
        floats
        
        vigorous fizzing
        
        rapidly dissolves
        
        final solution pH 14
        
        Potassium
        
        Very vigorous fizzing
        
        floats
        
        lilac flame produced
        
        dissolves rapidly to form colourless solution
        
        final solution pH14
        
        Rubidium
        
        Sinks
        
        explosive
        
        dissolves instantly
        
        colourless solution formed
        
        final solution pH 14
  - - - copper Cu
      - Silver Ag
      - Zinc Zn
      - Iron Fe
      - Gold Au
    - - Iron used to make steel
      - Titanium often used in fighter aircrafts
      - copper is often used in electricity cables
      - nickel is mainly used in Stainless Steel
  - - - Chlorine
      - bromine
      - astatine
      - iodine
- - - - Doesn't require energy
    - - The white ring of ammonium chloride forms closer to the hydrochloric acid end because ammonia particles are lighter than hydrogen chloride particles and therefore travel faster.
      - Cotton balls soaked in concentrated solutions of ammonia and hydrochloric acid are introduced into opposite ends of a glass tube.
- - - - using universal indicator solution, a few drops of this indicator solution is added to the Aqueous Solution and colour change is observed and matched to specific colour on pH scale
  - - - 1.Pour a few cubic centimetres of HCI into the burette. Once the tip of the burette is full of a solution, close the tap and add more solution up to the zero mark.
        2.fill a pipette with 25 cm3 of 0.4 mol sodium hydroxide, transfer this into a conical flask and few drops of methyl orange indicator. Swirl gently to mix. Place the flask on under the burette tap.
        3.Add the hydrochloric acid to the sodium hydroxide solution in small volumes, swirling gently after each addition.
    - - n=cv Moles= concetration x volume
      - Find the average volume of alkali or acid (depending on which was given)
      - Write a balanced equation for the reaction
    - - Safety filler
      - pipette
      - conical flask
      - clamp
      - beaker
      - burette
- - - - White precipitate
        
        Sulfate (SO4)2-
    - - Carbonate (CO3)2-
  - - - Dirty green- Iron(II) Fe 2+
      - Orange-brown-Iron(III) Fe 3+
      - light blue- Copper Cu 2+
    - - NH3 formed (check using damp litmus paper- should turn blue)
        
        Ammonium NH4 +
  - - - place lit-splint over the gas, if a squeaky-pop noise is made then its hydrogen
    - - lime water turns cloudy
    - - take a glowing splint and place it in a sample of gas, if it re-ignites the gas is oxygen.
- - - - Table salt(NaCl)
      - water(H20)
      - Carbon dioxide(CO2)
  - - - METALS
      - NON METALS
  - - - Salt water
        
        solvent - water
        
        solute - salt