Imperial Presidents
Aivy Nguyen, Shinn Hayasaka, Agnes Taavao, Ryan Matthew De Leon
William Howard Taft (1909-1912)
William McKinley (1896~1901)
Open Door Policy
Spanish-American War
Involved with China, Spain, Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines.
With China
With Spain
The U.S. did not want to take over China, but simply wanted to trade freely with China.
Spain failed to resolve conflicts with Cuba, and also sunk one of America's warships, leading to the war.
Woodrow Wilson
Revolution in Mexico
In 1911 Francisco Madero led the Mexican Revolution that toppled Diaz. But then, in 1913, Madero was executed by General Victoriano Huerta.
Moral Diplomacy
"never again seek one additional foot of territory by conquest...human rights, national integrity, and opportunity"
Countries Wilson was involve with:
Mexico
The U.S. beat Spain, and got Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, as part of the Treaty of Paris, the treaty that ended the war.
Also annexed the Hawaiian islands.
The U.S. also bought the Philippines from Spain for $20 million, also as part of the Treaty of Paris.
Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines became part of U.S. Territory.
The U.S. set up naval bases in the territories they won, and also traded with them, boosting the country's economy.
Foreign policy goals
However, the U.S. faced resistance from people in the Philippines, leading to guerrilla warfare that killed many American troops.
Believe that other nations should be self-govering
Believed U.S. should spread peace and democracy rather than colonize foreign countries.
Continued to use American military in Latin America
Wished to cultivate a friendship with Latin America
Under the "dollar diplomacy" Huerta was seen by Taft as a leader of Mexico, because Huerta had pledge to protect American investment
But under the "moral diplomacy" Wilson had seen Huerta as a "government of butchers." Wilson favored Venustiano Carranza, another reformer, who was in charge of anti-Huerta forces.
Germany
Rebels against the Carranza government had rose up, under the leadership of Francisco Villa. Wilson courted Villa.
Villa's forces had crossed over to New Mexico and had raided the town of Columbus, killing 18 Americans. Wilson had fought back by sending over General John J. Pershing and more than 10,000 troops on a "punitive expedition."
The United states declared war on Germany. After Pershing was hunting for Villa, he took command of the American Expeditionary Force in France.
Dollar Diplomacy
Worked to expand economic opportunities in China.
Theodore Roosevelt (1901 - 1908)
Big Stick Ideology
Create a passage from the Carribean Ocean to the Pacific Ocean through central America
Roosevelt Corollary
"speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far"
bought Panama route for $40 million
increase America's military security and protect its new territories, and helps trade reach overseas more easily and cheaply
allow US navy to gain control of Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
updated the Monroe Doctrine for age of expansionism and economic influence
Latin America's response
European violence against Latin America would lead to US intervening to keep peace
Act as police force to keep Western Hemisphere free from European intervention
Many resented America acting as police force
Believed US should invest in foreign economies to increase American influence.
Continued Roosevelt's foreign policy but less agression.
Worked for stability in Latin America.
disagreed with Roosevelt's belief that they were unable to police themselves
Aimed to increase American investments in businesses and banks throughout Central America and the Caribbean.
Japan 
Taft wanted to maintain the Open Door in Asia
Taft administration engineered such a policy in Nicaragua. It supported the overthrow of José Santos Zelaya and set up Adolfo Diaz in his place
He was involved with...
CHINA
NICARAGUA
Roosevelt intervened in the Russo-Japanese War, and convinced both sides to sign a peace treaty
anti Asian sentiment on the West Coast caused troubles in relations with Japan
San Fran school board banned Asians from attending public schools, and caused Japan to be angry and to fight for the immigrants
MEXICO
DOMINCAN REPUBLIC
Roosevelt disapproved and negotiated "Gentlemen's Agreement" where they pledged to end segregation policies. In return Japan would limit emigration of citizens to the US
In 1912, Mexico planned to allow Japanese corporations to purchase land in the Mexican state of Baja California, which included Magdalena Bay.
Taft was afraid that Japan would use Magdalena Bay as a naval port and declined.
People living there were furious and became rebels who attempted to overthrow the American-friendly government of President Adolfo Díaz.
Taft heard of their situation and started sending 2000 marines on warships to stop the insurrection. The leaders were deported and the rebellions started to suppress.
Stating the Monroe Doctrine the U.S. would prevent any foreign government—or business—from acquiring territory anywhere in the Western Hemisphere giving that government control.
Faced with the Lodge Corollary, Mexico abandoned its plans.
Taft then tried to help China withstand Japan’s increasing military presence.
At first, he succeeded by helping China secure international loans to expand its railroad system.
But when he tried to help American businesses become involved in Manchuria, Japan and Russia were outraged and Taft’s plan collapsed.
This failure of dollar diplomacy exposed the limitations of the U.S. government’s global influence and knowledge of international diplomacy.
The policy was unsuccessful, both in terms of U.S. ability to supply loans and in terms of world reaction.
Wanted to bring American businesses to new markets in other countries.
(1913-1920)