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Malaria
Malaria is a life-threatening disease. It’s typically transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. Infected mosquitoes carry the Plasmodium parasite. When this mosquito bites you, the parasite is released into your bloodstream
Pathophysiology
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Diagnosis
Microscopic examination remains the “gold standard” for laboratory confirmation of malaria. PCR is most useful for confirming the species of malarial parasite after the diagnosis has been established by either smear microscopy or RDT.
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Chikungunya
Diagnosis
Several methods can be used for diagnosis. Serological tests, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Various reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) methods are available but are of variable sensitivity.
Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted to humans by infected mosquitoes. It is an RNA virus that belongs to the alphavirus genus of the family Togaviridae.
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Zika
Zika virus disease is caused by a virus transmitted primarily by Aedes mosquitoes. Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause infants to be born with microcephaly and other congenital malformations, known as congenital Zika syndrome. Infection with Zika virus is also associated with other complications of pregnancy including preterm birth and miscarriage.
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Diagnosis
A diagnosis of Zika virus infection can only be confirmed by laboratory tests of blood or other body fluids, such as urine or semen.
Symptoms
Fever
Muscle pain
Headache
Joint pain
Fever,
Rash,
Conjunctivitis,
Treatment
There's no specific treatment for Zika virus symptoms. Drinking plenty of water and taking paracetamol may help relieve symptoms.
Yellow Fever
(Aedes aegypti) Is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease transmitted by infected. The virus is endemic in tropical areas of Africa and Central and South America.
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Diagnosis
Yellow fever is most frequently a clinical diagnosis, based on symptomatology and travel history.
PCR and ELISA testing
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Treatment
As with other Flavivirus infections, no cure is known for yellow fever. Hospitalization is advisable and intensive care may be necessary because of rapid deterioration in some cases.
acetaminophen or ibuprofen.
Dengue
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Dengue is a major public health concern throughout tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
Is an acute infectious disease caused by a flavivirus, transmitted by aedes mosquitoes
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Symptoms
•Sudden
•High fever
•Severe headaches
•Severe joint and muscle pain
•Fatigue
•Nausea
•Vomitng
•Skin rash
•Mild bleeding
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