Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus (SBH) (Group 5)

Suggestion and recommendation to deal with individuals with SBH

Previous research

How individual happens to be challenged from SBH

Revise teaching strategies and make adjustments.

Use devices that provide external prompts or cues to complete tasks, such as a memory journal, calendar, homework sheet or student planner. Electronic organizational aids are becoming more available in the classroom and may be helpful.

Modify classroom environment to meet their needs

Use assistive technology and provide extra space for them

Provide extra time for them to move around and complete assignments

Reading

Writing

Poor reading comprehension in children with SBH is associated with text-level deficits in integration and inferencing, not only within text, but also between text and word knowledge

Children with SBH, even those with average intelectual skills, are slow learners.

Individuals with SBH have poorer word decoding than their age peers.

writing skill in this group of young adults with SBH was strongly related to variation in fine motor or finger skills, which are also said to figure in the writing problems of children with SBH.

Lack fine motor control

Depression due to low self esteem

Anxiety

Confusion, stress, physical health issues, and fatigue

Children with learning disabilities, problems with slow printing or writing may lead to deficits in the quality of text composition

Others

SBH involves a malformation of spinal cord, with a loss of sensory and motor function below the level of spinal lesion

Adults with SBH had difficulties in fine motor finger movements, and in shot term memory and working memory, all of which were related to speeded sentence composition in the present study.

Writing was below the population mean in these young adults, which is similar to findings for children with SBH

Problems to achieve learning objectives

Cognitive processing delay

Problems with memory, attention, comprehension and organization

Understands their condition and identify their strength and weaknesses in the classroom