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CHAPTER 6: SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, HOW TO…
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ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
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Farming that makes profit
Characteristics of profitable sustainable agriculture:
Increase in savings.
Reduce Family debt
Less reliance on government subsidies.
Farm enterprise bring in profits every year
Decrease purchase of animal feed and fertilizer
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COMPOST
BENEFIT of composting
Destroys weed seeds and pathogens.
Lighter (ringan) compared raw manure (estimated volume reduction of 50 – 70 per cent).
consistent soil-like quality, easier to handle and apply.
Stabilizes nutrients as organic compounds.
Stable organic nutrients release more slowly, providing plants with a more sustained source of nutrients for growth.
Odourless (tak berbau), potentially marketable product.
TILLAGE (plowing)
preparation of the soil by digging it up.
The moldboard plough brings subsoil to the surface and buries the crop residue layer so deep it is unable to decay properly.
exposing the soil to erosion
impairing the water and mineral cycles.
ZERO BURNING
currently implemented in oil palm and rubber plantations
old oil palm and rubber trunks are not burned, but sliced thin and left to decompose.
Nutrients such as N,P,K and Mg are recycled
50% reduction in fertilizer cost
trunk can be marketed for furniture industry
PEST MANAGEMENT
What is PEST?: any organism judged as a threat to human beings or to their interests.
Prevention of pest problems is a fundamental component of management
Chemical pesticides can be effectively employed to suppress pests; however, there are more environmental friendly methods of control.
SOCIO-POLITICAL BENEFITS
Promote socio-political stability in country
Keep the money circulating in the community
buying supplies locally rather than ordering from out of state, networking with local consumers
Marketing strategies involving direct marketing through farmers markets or road side stalls have a positive impact on the local community.
choose to support local producers or their neighbors products
Clean farm and farm activity makes neighbors happy