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AN OVERVIEW OF ILM AL RUWAT The Indexes and Biographical Dictionaries of…
AN OVERVIEW OF ILM AL RUWAT
The Indexes and Biographical Dictionaries of Ḥadīth Transmitters
Many compositions in ṭabaqāt were compiled.
Amongst them:
❖Ṭabaqāt Fuqahāʾ al-Shāfiʿiyyah (Ranks of scholars
in the Shāfiʿī school of legal thought)
❖Ṭabaqāt al-Ḥanābilah (Ranks of scholars in the
Ḥanbalī school of legal thought)
❖Ṭabaqāt al-Qurrāʾ (Ranks of Qurʾanic reciters)
❖Ṭabaqāt al-Mufassirīn (Ranks of Exegetes)
❖Ṭabaqāt al-Aṭibbāʾ (Ranks of physicians)
❖Ṭabaqāt al-Ṣūfiyyah (Ranks of the Ṣūfīs)
The Ṭabaqāt Genre
This genre represents a biographical
dictionary of early generations sorted based
on cohorts (usually the list of narrators who
received ḥadīth from the same teachers or
informants or narrators who were of the
same age group).
The Tawārīkh Genre
With the emergence of the taṣḥīḥ movement,
the tawārīkh genre (transmissional
biography) was introduced. The aim was to
supply ḥadīth evaluation activities with
information on the narrators.
Dictionary of narrators arranged based on
the year of birth or the year of demise.
❖Tārīkh Mawlid al-ʿUlamā wa Wafayātihim by
Abū Sulaymān ibn Zabr al-Rabaʿī (379AH)
❖Wafayāt al-Aʿyān wa Anbāʾ Abnāʾ al-Zamān by
Ibn Khallikān (681AH)
❖al-Wāfī bi’l-Wafayāt by al-Ṣafadī (764AH)
❖Muʿjam al-Ṣaḥābah by Ibn Qāniʿ (351AH)
❖Maʿrifat al-Ṣaḥābah by Abū Nuʿaym al-
The Geo-biographical Dictionaries
❖Tārīkh Madīnah al-Salām (History of
Baghdād) by al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī (463AH)
❖Tārīkh Dimashq (History of Damascus) by
The study of ruwāt is far more sophisticated
than the previous exercise.
Tabaqāt al-Kubrā by Ibn Saʿd (230ΑΗ)
al-Tabaqāt by Khalīfah ibn Khayyāṭ
(240AH)
❖al-Tārīkh by Ibn Maʿīn (233AH)
❖al-Tārīkh al-Kabīr by al-Bukhārī (256AH)
The Thiqāt Genre
Specific records of trustworthy and
acceptable narrators.
❖Maʿrifat al-Thiqāt by al-ʿIjlī (261AH)
❖Kitāb al-Thiqāt by Ibn Ḥibbān (354AH)
The Dhuʿafāʾ Genre
Specific records of weak and discarded
narrators
❖Kitāb al-Ḍuʿafāʾ al-Kabīr by Abū Jaʿfar al-
ʿUqayli (322AH)
❖Kitāb al-Ḍuʿafāʾ wa al-Matrūkīn by Ibn al-
Jawzī (597ΑΗ)
The Ṣaḥabah Biographical Dictionaries
Biographical dictionary of the Companions of
the Prophet.
Iṣfahānī (430AH)
The Canonical Ruwāt Genre
Index of narrators traced in the specific
canonical collections.
al-Kamāl fī Asmāʾ al-Rijāl by ʿAbd al-Ghaniyy
al-Maqdisī (600AH)
❖Tahdhīb al-Kamāl fī Asmāʾ al-Rijāl by al-Mizzī
(742AH)
Ibn ʿAsākir (571AH)
The Nativity and Obituary Indexes
The New Ṭabaqāt Genre