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Types of Disorders of Ventilation and Diffusion - Coggle Diagram
Types of Disorders of Ventilation and Diffusion
Ventilation
Altered by
Inhibition of neural stimulation + mechanics of breathing
Restriction of airflow
Emphysema
Irreversible enlargement of the air spaces beyond the terminal bronchioles, most notably in the alveoli
Causes
Chronic smoking
Genetically inherited deficiency of alpha1- antitrypsin (AAT)
Treatment
Smoking cessation
drug therapy (with danazol or tamoxifen
COPD
Inflammatory processes
in both the alveoli and in the bronchi/bronchioles characterize COPD
Causes
Cigarette smoking
Air pollution
Treatment
Supplemental oxygen therapy
Surgery
ARDS
severe acute inflammation and pulmonary edema
Causes
Sepsis
Severe pneumonia
Treatment
Positive end-expiatory pressure (PEEP)
Mechanical ventilation
Cystic Fibrosis
Autosomal recessive disorder of electrolytes and subsequently water transport that affects certain epithelial cells
Caused by
Mutations in the genes CFTR
Treatment
Lung transplant
Nasal and sinus surgery.
Pneumenia
Inflammation of the lungs
Treatment
Control fever with aspirin, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen or naproxen),
Macrolide antibiotics, such as azithromycin
Caused by
Viral infections, bacterial infections, or fungi
Diffusion
Altered by
Increased thickness of ACJ
Decreased partial pressure Decreased solubility
Chronic Bronchitis
Presence of a persistent, productive
cough with excessive mucous production
Causes
Smoking
Air pollution
Treatment
Steroid anti-inflammatory drugs
Pulmonary rehabilitation, bronchodilator therapy
Asthma
chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways that results in persistent airway obstruction because of bronchial hyper responsiveness, inflammation, broncho constriction, and excess mucous production.
Causes
Genetic predisposition for developing hypersensitivities.
Air pollutants and irritants, such as smoke.
Treatment
Bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs
Anticholinergics and methylxanthines