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INFECTIOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANS, EXPOSE CONTROL PLAN :!!:Determined…
INFECTIOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT PLANS
Storage
Use suitable temperature and avoid warmer temperature to avoid growth of microorganisms.
EPA recommends: :check: Locating storage area near treatment site. :check: Minimizing storage time. :check: Proper packing that ensures containment of infectious waste. :check: Limited access to storage areas. :check: Prominently displaying the universal hazard symbol on storage area door.
Designation of infectious waste
A responsible official or committee should determine any other miscellaneous waste should be handle as infectious waste
Staff Training
:check: Training should have explanation of infectious waste management plan & responsibility for practice the plan. :check:Continuous education is most important for staff training. :check: Training to all employee that hired.
Packaging
Packaging Infectious waste
:check: Use appropriate type of packaging materials. :check: Use packaging that maintains its integrity during storage & transport. :check:Place liquid wastes in capped/tightly stopped bottles. :check: Do not compact infectious waste before treatment.
Handling Sharps
:check: Avoid use of needles : Where safe & effective alternatives are available. :check: Help employer select & evaluate device with safety features. :check: Use devices with safety features provided. :check: Avoid recapping needles. :check: Plan the safety handling & disposal of needles before using them.
Packaging of Sharps
:check: Container are rigid puncture-resistant when sealed & cannot reopened without great difficulty. :check:Must in RED colour & label biohazard. :check:Must remain upright :check:Secondary containers must be closable & prevent leakage during handling, storage, transport or shipping.
Segregation of infectious waste
:check:Segregation at origin point :check:Segregation at multiple hazards for management & treatment :check:use of distinctive(mark container or plastic bag) :check: Use universal biology hazard symbol on infectious waste :check: DO NOT combine medical waste with hazardous chemical or radioactive waste. :check: Separate sharps waste, pathology waste & chemotherapy waste from other medical wastes. :check: Separate mixture waste according to their type.
Disposal
:check: Waste that been autoclave can be disposed in sinks. :check: Medical waste that cannot be drain disposal ( Human/ Animal cultures suspected contain infectious agents, Cultures & stocks of infectious agents, Waste from production of infectious microorganisms.)
Contingency measures of emergency situations
Procedures to be used under following circumstances :check:Spills of liquid infectious waste. :check: Protection of personnel & disposal spill residue. :check: Rupture of plastic bags - clean up procedures, protection & repacking waste. :check: Equipment failure.
Treatment
Gas/ Vapor Sterilization
:check: Use gaseous or vaporized chemicals as sterilizing agents. :check: Ethylene oxide commonly used as agent but limited the uses as it suspected human carcinogen. :check: Ethylene oxide may be absorbed on surface of treated materials.
Thermal inactivation
:check:Use high temperatures to eliminate infectious agents. :check:Liquid waste collected in vessel and heated by HE. :check:After treatment, the contents discharged into sanitary sewer. :check: This method require higher temperatures & longer treatment cycles than steam treatment.
Incineration
Regulated Emissions from Medical Waste Incinerator ( Particulate matter, Carbon Monoxide, Sulfur Dioxide,Dioxin, Lead, Mercury, Cadmium HCL,SO2 & NO)
Sterilization by irradiation (radiofrequency & microwave)
Advantage & Disadvantage:
RADIOFREQUENCY IRRADIATION. :star: Large treatment units. :star: The waste is automatically fed into waste grinding device. The process heats the waste more than 90 degree. :star:The factors affect ( frequency & wavelength of irradiation, duration of exposure, destruction & moisture content of waste material)
MICROWAVE IRRADIATION. :explode: Large treatment units. :explode: The ground waste is heated by exposed to six microwave irradiation units over a 2 hour period. :explode: :The factors affect ( frequency & wavelength of irradiation, duration of exposure, destruction & moisture content of waste material)
Chemical Disinfection
:check: Preferred treatment for liquid infectious waste. :check: Consider : ( Type of microbe, Degree of contamination, amount of proteinaceous material presents. Type of disinfectant & Contact time) :check: Ultimate disposal should align to State and local requirements.
Autoclaving (Steam sterilization)
:check:Use saturated steam within a vessel at high temperature. :check: Most effective ways for low density materials. :check: Plastic bags should be place in rigid container before treatment. :check: Infectious waste that contain noninfectious hazards should not be steam-sterilized. :check:Steam sterilizers should be routinely inspected.
Transport
:check: Avoid of mechanical loading devices. :check:Frequent disinfection of charts used for transport waste. :check: Placement of all infectious waste into rigid or semi-rigid containers before transport off site. :check: Transport of infectious waste in closed leakproof trucks. :check: Use appropriate hazard symbols
Medical Waste Hauling
Methods for transporting medical waste: 1. By a healthcare professional employed by facility. 2.By contract with a transporter registered with state. 3. By mail,parcel post or courier service ( sharps only)
Decontimination
:check: Equipment & tools must be cleaned & decontiminated before servicing or used. :check: Decontamination should be accomplish by ( solutio of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite dilute between 1:10 and 1:100 with water.) :check: Cleanup materials must be decontiminate.
EXPOSE CONTROL PLAN :!!:Determined employee exposure. :!!: Implement method of exposure :!!:Hepatitis B vaccination :!!:Post- exposure evaluation & follow up :!!:Communication of hazards to employees & training :!!:Record keeping :!!:Procedures for evaluating the exposure incidents.
EXPOSURE STEPS 1. Report the incident. 2. Referral to Health Care Professional (HCP) 3 Documentation
MERCURY
:warning: Risk spills is high :warning: 99% hospital's mercury contained in a=esophageal dilators, service kits and barometers :warning: Total cost to replace mercury device is modest.
:forbidden: Removal mercury device must mean ' get it out of hospital. :forbidden: Training for mercury auditing is best done o a one- on- one. :forbidden: Mercury assessments must be performed in safe and open atmosphere.
Advantage :check: Electricity requirements are nominal. :check: Steam is not require. :check: No heat or chemical remain treated waste.
Disadvantages :green_cross: Capital costs high. :green_cross:Highly trained personnel required. :green_cross:Space requirements are great
What records Must be Keep :checkered_flag:Medical records of exposure to bloodborne pathogens. :checkered_flag:Any training records on medical waste management. :checkered_flag: Any state/ local requirements shipping menifests and logs of equipment used in medical waste management.
