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9 SYNTAX 1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - A
        
        the nights will turn very cold this week
      - B (immediate Constituents)
        
        the nights
        
        will turn
        
        very cold
        
        this week
        
        def
        
        largest chunks
        
        can only be moved as a whole
        
        if they are optional, they can be omitted as a whole
      - C(Constituents)
        
        the
        
        nights
        
        will
        
        turn
  - - - The nights will turn very cold week
      - the nights will turn very cold this
- - - - JOHN FULANO
  - - - A
        
        is married to Jill
        
        's Children
        
        this is a present for ..
        
        we give ... all the credit
      - B
        
        HUSBAND to Nelly Fulano
        
        FATHER to Jimmy and Sally Fulano
        
        FRIEND to Eric Smith
        
        MEMBER of tennis club
  - - - ex
        
        it is evident
        
        the answer is evident
    - - ex
        
        Caesar loved Brutus
        
        Brutus loved Caesar
- - - - divided in types (notional word classes) according to their meaning
    - - parts of speech are defined by the distribution of forms over paradigmatic slots in constructions judged by grammatical
    - - write
        
        verb
      - book
        
        noun
      - beautiful
        
        adjective
      - soon
        
        adverb
      - my, the
        
        determiner
      - she, who
        
        pronoun
      - in, above
        
        preposition
      - because, if
        
        conjunction
      - hey, ouch
        
        interjection
  - - - words surrounded by their complements and modifiers are forming phrases
      - 5 different phrases
        
        verb phrase
        
        noun phrase
        
        adjective phrase
        
        adverb phrase
        
        prepositional phrase
      - attr
        
        can be discontinuous, meaning interrupted by other elements
        
        ex
        
        the idea came up that it might be advisable to consult a lawyer
        
        a better book has never before been written
  - - - clause
        
        any structure that consists of a verb phrase plus its complements and modfiers
        
        VS
        
        finite
        
        ex
        
        as he is always helpful
        
        non finite
        
        ex
        
        being always helpful
        
        verbless clause
        
        ex
        
        though always helpful
        
        ex
        
        he is always helpful
      - sentence
        
        def
        
        consists of at least one finite clause
        
        attr
        
        theoretically unlimited amout of clauses
- - - - Number of forms and levels in a syntactic construction is theoretically unlimited
- - - - LOWEST LEVEL: WORDS