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Statistics: Chapter Eight - Coggle Diagram
Statistics: Chapter Eight
Impossible to collect data (most of the time) from ALL members of a given population so samples are used to draw conclusions of the populations as a whole
Hypothesis Test: Using sample data to evaluate a hypothesis about a given population
Determine what happens AFTER treatment is given to a known population
The assumption is that if anything changes, it will be constant
The unknown population (after treatment) is the focus of the research question
The result of the treated sample should represent the treated population
Null Hypothesis: No change or difference
Alternative Hypotheses: There is a change or difference (the IV does have an effect on the DV)
Test Statistic: Sample data converted into a single & specific statistic used to test the hypothesis
Z-Scores: 1.Make a hypothesis about the value of μ
Plug in the hypothesized value
If it is near zero, we conclude we were correct but if it produces an extreme, we know we were incorrect.
Type I Error: When a researcher rejects a null hypothesis even though it is actully true
Type I Error: When researcher rejects a null hypothesis that is actually true
Type II Error: Occurs when a researcher fails to reject a null hypothesis that is actually false.
Alpha Level: Significance level
Critical Region: "Rejection" region - helps determine when the null theory should be rejected/accepted
Concerns: When we reject null theory, we are relying too heavily on sample data info/ignoring the hypothesis
Effect Size: Measurement of absolute magnitude of a treatment effect
Cohen's D: Mean Difference/Standard Deviation
Power: Probability that the test will correctly reject a false null hypothesis