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Layers Poultry in Rwanda - Coggle Diagram
Layers Poultry in Rwanda
Infrastructure
Housing
Permanent Housing:
majority (63%) of farmers use permanent housing (e.g; using bricks and iron roofing)
System
Deep litter system:
deep litter system using saw dust
predominated (91.5%)
(Mbuza, 2016)
Marketing
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Marketing form:
Direct sale at farm gate (prevalent)
Propelling for international standards (Less practiced)
Production
systems
Deep litter (95.5%) of respondents. saw dust
was solely used as the litter material, and the other few used battery cages. (Mbuza, 2016)
Indoor & Free-range: while indoor could help in managing land space and having direct control over the birds, free-range system could be better in terms of allowing them to perform a natural behavior, accessing enough fresh air and sunlight, as well as more free space which improves their health condition.
Cost
Free-range system reduces feed costs and some infrastructural expenses since birds feed on insects, worms, grass, and use sunlight.
Lighting
Neglect for strict observation of recommended period of light for layer poultry leads to low performance which is common in Rwanda.(Mbuza, 2016)
Especially for indoor system of poultry keeping, the artificial day hours should be respected to ensure enough light which is essential in the laying period.
Hatchability
According to a research conducted by (Abraham Lemlem and Yayneshet Tesfay, 2010), Eggs produced by the indigenous hens had the highest hatchability (79%), followed by eggs from White Leghorn and Fayoumi.
Feeding
Imported feeds
most of the feedstuffs such as cotton seed cake, fish meal, lake shells and others are imported since the raw materials are not produced in Rwanda or are produced in very small quantities. (Mbuza, 2016)
Lacal feeds
cereals and by products, forage of tree
legumes-shrub
Breeding
Farmers Preferences
Rhodes Island (76%)
ISA brown (54%)
white leghorn (11%)
(Mbuza, 2016)
Source
farmers 69% imported day old chicks from outside the country, mainly Uganda and Belgium followed by sourcing from Private Rwandan hatcheries 31%.
(Mbuza, 2016)
Type
Rhode Island Red
Lays approximately 300 eggs per year.
Dual-purpose chicken breed rared for both meat and eggs.
Egg color: Light Brown. (Agrifarming,2018)
ISA brown
ISA Brown has exceptional feed conversion and is capable of laying 500 high-quality eggs. ISA Brown adapts well to different climates, management systems, and housing systems.
(ISA, 2020)
White leghorn
efficient at turning the feed they eat into lots of eggs.
laying an average of 280 per year and sometimes reaching 300 or even 320.
Egg color: White
Breeding cost
Breeding cost is crucial to many farmers in selecting the breeding type. The lower the cost, the higher the preference.
Egg laying potential
Rhode Island Red is a good choice for the small flock owner. Relatively hardy and is probably the best egg layer of the dual purpose breeds.
(Fassill, 2010)
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