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Ergonomics - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Structural anthropometry; also often called static anthropometry, which refers to the simple dimensions of a human being at rest, for example: weight, height, length, width, depths and circumferences of the body structure.
        
        Functional anthropometry; also called dynamic anthropometry, which studies the composite measures of a human being in motion, for example: stretching to reach something and the angular ranges of various joints.
        
        Ergonomics of Needs. The area of specific needs ergonomics focuses mainly on the design and development of equipment for people with physical disabilities, for the child and school population and the design of autonomous microenvironments.
    - - Environmental Ergonomics. This is the area of ergonomics that deals with the study of the physical conditions that surround the human being and that influence his performance when carrying out various activities, such as the thermal environment, noise level, lighting level and vibrations.
        
        Preventive and Corrective Ergonomics This is the area of ergonomics that works in close relationship with the disciplines in charge of safety and hygiene in work areas.
        
        Cognitive Ergonomics. Cognitive ergonomists deal with topics such as signal and information reception process, the ability to process it and act on the information obtained, knowledge and previous experience.
        
        Design and Evaluation Ergonomics. Ergonomists from the design and evaluation area participate during the design and evaluation of equipment, systems and work spaces; their contribution uses as a basis concepts and data obtained in anthropometric measurements, biomechanical evaluations, sociological characteristics and customs of the population to which the design is addressed.
- - - - Conceptual and correct ergonomics: Conceptual or design ergonomics is understood when the system studied does not yet exist in reality. It constitutes the Ergonomics in the project phase and seeks to achieve the optimum design of man-machine systems.
        
        Geometric Ergonomics: It can be defined as the study of the relationship between man and the metric and positional conditions of the workplace, in order to make an optimal adaptation of these to obtain maximum comfort.
        
        Environmental Ergonomics: This is the part of Ergonomics that studies the relationship between man and the environmental factors that affect him, conditioning his state of health and comfort. The determining factors and their application techniques are very close to those used by Industrial Hygiene, except for the psychosocial factors.
        
        Temporary Ergonomics: Seeks the well-being of the worker in relation to work times. It studies the work schedules, the duration of the days, the optimization of breaks and rests, the rhythms of work, etc., psychic.
- - - - Dynamic muscle strain
        It occurs when there is a succession of contractions and relaxations of the active muscle or muscles of very short duration (e.g., walking, cranking, loading, etc.). This effort always produces movements or displacement.
        
        Standing: The standing position implies an overload of the leg, back and shoulder muscles, therefore, it is important that this position, as well as any other, can be alternated with other postures, thus decreasing the physical postural load.
        
        Cargo Handling
        There are many positions, in which the worker is forced, in a certain frequency, to lift, transport or deposit weights. This involves significant static efforts, which can cause discomfort or injuries, especially to the back, and
        of the corresponding muscle overload.