Endocrine Organs
Anterior Pituitary
Posterior Pituitary
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Glands
Adrenal Cortex
Adrenal Medulla
Pineal Gland
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Growth hormone (GH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Oxytocin (OT)
Melatonin
Calcitonin (CT)
Thyroid hormone (TH)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Epinephrine (E)
Norepinephrine (NE)
Corticosteroids
- regulates release of thyroid hormone from thyroid gland
- increased secretion results from pregnancy, stress, or exposure to low temperatures
- acts on melanocytes in epidermis to stimulate melanin synthesis
- in females, regulates mammary gland growth and milk production
- in males, may influence sensitivity of interstitial cells in testes to the effects of luteninizing hormone for testosterone secretion
- stimulates release of IGFs from liver, which synergistically act on all body tissues, especially cartilage, bone, muscle, and adipose connective tissue to stimulate growth
- acts on adrenal cortex to cause release of corticosteroids
- act on gonads to stimulate development of gametes and release hormones
- act on gonads to stimulate development of gametes and release hormones
- stimulates reabsorption of water from tubular fluid in kidneys
- stimulates vasoconstriction in arterioles of body, raising blood pressure
- in females, stimulates smooth muscle contraction in uterine wall and stimulates milk ejection from mammary glands
- in males, stimulates contraction of smooth muscle of male reproductive tract
- in most body cells, increases metabolism, oxygen use, growth, and energy use
- supports and increases rate of development
- in bone and kidney, reduces calcium levels in body fluids
- decreases bone resorption by osteoclasts and increases calcium loss through kidneys
- increases calcium levels in blood through bone resorption
- increases calcium absorption by small intestine by calcitriol
- decreases calcium loss through the kidneys
- Mineralocorticoids: kidney cells, regulate electrolyte composition and concentration in body fluids
- Glucocorticoids: liver cells, stimulate lipid and protein metabolism; regulate blood glucose levels
- Gonadocorticoids: sex organs, protein synthesis in sex organ cells
- both in various cells throughout the body
- both work with the sympathetic division of the ANS to stimulate fight-or-flight response
- makes us drowsy
- increases at night, decreases during the day
- helps regulate circadian rhythm