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Graphic Organizer - Coggle Diagram
Graphic Organizer
Pyrosis (Heartburn)
Pathophysiology
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Diagnosis
If the chest pain is suspected to be heartburn, patients may undergo an upper GI series to confirm the presence of acid reflux. Heartburn or chest pain after eating or drinking and combined with difficulty swallowing may indicate esophageal spasms.
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Treatment
Antacids such as calcium carbonate are often taken to treat the immediate problem with further treatments depending on the underlying cause.
Medicines such as H2 receptor antagonists or proton pump inhibitors are effective for gastritis and GERD, the two most common causes of heartburn. Antibiotics are used if H. pylori is present.
Heartburn is a painful burning feeling in your chest or throat. It happens when stomach acid backs up into your esophagus, the tube that carries food from your mouth to your stomach.
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Dysphagia
Dysphagia: difficulty with swallowing, refers to problems with the transit of food or liquid from the mouth to the hypopharynx or through the esophagus.
Symptoms
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Sensation of food getting stuck in the throat or chest, or behind the breastbone.
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Pathophysiology
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Classification
Oropharyngeal dysphagia
Conditions can weaken your throat muscles, making it difficult to move food from your mouth into your throat and esophagus when you start to swallow
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Esophageal dysphagia
Refers to the sensation of food sticking or getting hung up in the base of your throat or in your chest after you've started to swallow
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Diagnosis
Your doctor will likely perform a physical examination and may use a variety of tests to determine the cause of your swallowing problem.
Tests may include:
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Epigastralgia
Pathophysiology
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Regurgitation
Is the expulsion of material from the pharynx, or esophagus, usually characterized by the presence of undigested food or blood. In adults, involuntary regurgitation is a common symptom of acid reflux and GERD. It may also be a symptom of a rare condition called rumination disorder. In babies, regurgitation is normal within the first year of life.
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Treatment
Antacids, such as Rolaids, which can relieve mild GERD symptoms
H2 blockers, such as Pepcid, which can reduce stomach acid production
PPIs, such as Prilosec, which can reduce stomach acid production long term