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Organisation of an Ecosystem - Coggle Diagram
Organisation of an Ecosystem
Food chains
Represent the feeding relationships within community
Begin with producer which synthesises molecules, usually green plant which make glucose by photosynthesis
Producer--Primary consumer--Secondary consumer--Tertiary consumer
Consumers that kill and eat other animals are known as
predators and those that are eaten are prey.
stable community the numbers of predators and prey rise and fall in cycles.
Distribution and abundance of Species
Sampling techniques are used to estimate the size of a population this is necessary as decline of one species affects all the others.
Quadrats are used to do this and they are placed at random points or through a transect to work out the percentage cover.
Carbon Cycle
Recycled to provide building blocks for future organism
1) Carbon dioxide is a product of respiration and combustion so is released into the atmosphere by humans and burning fossil fuels.
2) Plants use the carbon dioxide to photosynthesise to make carbohydrates
3) Animals eat these plants and the carbon is passed along several stages of the food chain; the carbon dioxide is exhaled again by the animal through respiration.
4) The animals and plants finally die, now microorganisms (decomposers) break down the dead organisms (decay). If decomposition is blocked, the plant and animal material may be used as fossil fuel for combustion.
Water Cycle
Provides fresh water for plants and animals on land
before draining into the seas.
1) Energy from the Sun heats the surface of the Earth.
2) Water is evaporated from oceans
3)The warm air rises because it is less dense.
4) Condensation occurs when water vapour is turned back into water droplets as it cools down. Clouds are formed.
5)Precipitation occurs as water droplets get bigger and heavier they begin to fall as rain, snow and sleet, etc.
Biodiversity
variety of all the different species of organisms on
Earth, or within an ecosystem.
High biodiversity allows for ecosystem to be stable by reducing the dependence of one species on another for food, shelter and physical environment.
Example of high biodiversity= coral reef have food, lots of places to shelter from predators and when weather is poor.
Future human species rely on us to increase diversity in order to survive things which have recently decreased biodiversity are: Deforestation, pollution and global warming
Human Impact
Human population has been increasing rapidly as the quality of living has increased this leads to a chain of events
More resources are used to produce materials for humans therefore more waste is produced and pollution, this is a concern
Humans reduce land for other animal and plants by the following: quarrying, building, crop growing, farming and dumping waste
Deforestation
Wooded areas are more demanded therefore leading to deforestation this results in reducing biodiversity
Reasons for deforestation: Provide land for farming cattle which can provide food, Provide land for rice fields to provide food, Provide land to grow crops for producing biofuel (fuel produced
by living organisms) such as bio ethanol, wood and biogas.
Programmes to
reduce the negative effects of humans
1) Reintroduction of field margins and hedgerows in agricultural areas where farmers grow one type of crop. This encourages diversity of wildlife as there is a variety of food.
2) Breeding programmes for endangered species- guard against extinction and be able to increase numbers in the wild.
3) Protection and regeneration of rare habitats- designated as SSSI and managed by conservation organisations.
4) Reduction of deforestation and carbon dioxide emissions by some governments across the world.
5) Breeding programmes for endangered species to guard against extinction and be able to increase numbers in the wild.
6) Recycling resources instead of dumping waste in landfill.