As a result of this transformation, the conceptualization of the economy has changed actors and scenery. The market (a place where buyers and sellers come together), is transformed into cyberspace, traditional needs continue to exist within cyberspace, bidders and applicants become netizens, and the development of commerce and its transactions are carried out digitally without paper, leaving records of approvals, buyer, seller, merchandise or service, date and time, etc.

Tax havens are special tax jurisdictions. In them, lower taxes are paid (or even not paid) for certain actions or transactions. They are paradises in the strict sense of the word, because they represent the fiscal ideal for many people: Pay little in taxes or even not pay ... and not be persecuted for it.

Economic integration, defined as a process, is nothing other than the phased program to eliminate artificial barriers to the exchange of goods and the movements of productive factors. At the same time, integration as a stateful situation is the final image that is accessed once the abolition of the various forms of discrimination between the participating national economies has been achieved

group of customs territories grant each other a series of customs advantages, not extensible to third parties, due to the internationally accepted suspension of the most-favored-nation clause

It is an area made up of two or more countries that immediately or gradually suppress customs and trade obstacles among themselves, but each one maintains its own customs tariff and its own trade regime against third parties

They are the maximum expression of integration of two or more previously separated national economies. A customs union, supposes in the first place, the immediate or gradual suppression of the tariff and commercial barriers to the circulation of merchandise between the states that make up the union (tariff and trade disarmearance). But the customs union also means the construction of a common customs tariff against third countries

Abolishes tariff and quantitative restrictions on reciprocal trade

It goes beyond markets and concerns the entire economy

The ALCALA emerged as a commitment made by the presidents of the hemisphere gathered at the First Summit of the Americas in 1994 in the city of Miami, who agreed to establish the Agreement on the Free Trade Area of ​​the Americas for the year 2005, based on a Declaration of Principles and on an Action Plan

Economic integration, conceived as the staggered program and as the result of the elimination of artificial barriers to the exchange of goods and the movements of productive factors within a region, constitutes a tool for collective development, as applied.