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Chapter 7: Agriculture And The Malaysian Economy - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 7: Agriculture And The Malaysian Economy
Agriculture System in Malaysia
Plantation sector
1.single crop cultivation (economic value crop)
Larger scale (more than 40 ha)
rubber, oil palm, coconuts, cocoa, pineapples, sugar and tea etc
Smallholder
1.the subsistence farmers who cultivate their land for their own consumption
Those that practice monocropping type of subsistence farming.
National Agricultural Policy (NAP).
Aim:
i) to improve the food trade balance (export balance the import)
ii) increasing export of primary commodities
iii) ensuring supply of raw materials for local downstream industries.
Factors of growth in livestock production
Shifting from traditional to commercial farming practices
Increase integrated beef cattle farming in rubber and oil palm plantations.
Poultry production: integrated poultry farming system introduced by fast-food chains such as Kentucky Fried Chicken.
fruits and vegetables: government efforts in consolidating small orchards into larger organized farms and instituting group farming projects.
Crop diversification in Malaysia
Horizontal diversification
Switch form oil palm, rubber, cocoa and rice to coconut, tropical fruits, vegetables
Vertical diversification
refers to the upstream and downstream activities of a particular crop/crops
primary production (farm products) to primary and secondary processing to finished products.
Challenges of Crop Diversification
need to reduce labour requirements in agriculture need to maximize land utilization
strengthen the competitiveness of Malaysian agriculture
need to enhance private sector investment in food production
smallholders need to be transformed into a more commercial sector
Problem of Agriculture Sector
increasing labor shortage, wages and cost of production as well as aging farm labor and preferences for non-farm jobs
Not enough R&D in food crops