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Phylogenies, Phylogenies - Coggle Diagram

- - - - 16S is highly conserved across almost all bacteria species. This means that the 16S rRNA gene (1600 bases) is highly conserved.
        
        Regions that are conserved - used as molecular tools [many]
        
        PCR primers
        
        Regions that are variable - used as features for tree building [not many]
        
        Taxonomic classification
        
        Constraint on this gene - its secondary structure, its function of helping out with translation
        
        16S rRNA gene metagenomics
- - - - Lecture 16, slide 15,17
      - Transitions - change within purines or pyrimidines - more likely
      - Transversions - change from purine to pyrimidine and vice-versa - less likely
        
        So the transition:transversion ratio could start off high but with evolutionary distance even come down, due to homoplasy