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Chemistry 11 - Coggle Diagram
Chemistry 11
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Combustion
Burn fuel with oxygen to produce at least carbon dioxide and water vapor. Either a complete or incomplete combustion.
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Unit 4: Solutions
Solutions
- Acid: Substance that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. pH below 7
- Base: Substance that release hydroxide ions when dissolved in water. pH above 7.
- Solvent: Component of solution in the greatest amount
- Solute: Substance dissolved in solvent
A chemical equation that only shows elements, compounds, and ions that are directly involved in the chemical reaction
Titrand is a solution with known volume and an unknown concentration, vice versa for titrant.
A lab procedure can find the concentration of titrand. Add an indicator to it, add titrant to titrand until end point(When indicator changes color) is reached. Use stoichiometry to find the concentration of titrand afterwards.
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Diluting Solutions
Adding more solvent to solute dilutes the solution. Keep in mind the amount of moles of solute stays the same. C1V1 = C2V2
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Unit 1: Matter, Trends, Bonding
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Periodic Trends
As you go DOWN a GROUP the size of an atom INCREASES. Decreases as you move right through the period.
Ionization energy DECREASES as you move DOWN a GROUP. Increases as you move right through the period.
Electron Affinity DECREASES as you move DOWN a GROUP. Increases as you move right through the period.
Electronegativity DECREASES as you move DOWN a GROUP. Increases as you move right through the period.
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VSEPR
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AXE notation. A = central atom. X = # of ligands(atoms bonded to A). E = # of lone pairs of electrons surrounding A. The numbers are in subscript
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Unit 5: Gases
Based on Ideal Gas: Hypothetical gas with no mass, volume, and attractive forces in each particles.
- Gas particles in constant random motion
- Individual gas particles have point masses(0 volume)
- Gas particles don't attract nor repel each other
- Gas particles interact through elastic collisions(Kinetic energy is conserved)
- Kinetic Energy is directly related to temperature
- Boyle's Law: Volume of gas at constant temperature is inversely proportional to the applied external gas, P1V1 = P2V2
- Charles Law: Volume of gas at constant pressure is directly proportional to the Kelvin temperature of the gas, V1/T1 = V2/T2
- Gay-Lussac's Law: Pressure of a fixed amount of gas at constant volume is directly proportional to the kelvin temperature of gas, P1/T1 = P2/T2
- Combined Gas Law: Combining the previous laws, P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
- Avogrado's Law: Amount of gas(moles) is directly proportional to the volume of gas when temperature and pressure are constant n1/V1 = n2/V2
- Molar Volume: Amount of space occupied by 1 mol of gas substance, v = V/n
- Ideal Gas Law: Combining all previous laws, PV = nRT (R is the Universal Gas Constant, 8.314 (kPa x L)/(mol x K), it 8.314 if those units are used only). This law can find molar volume, density, and molar mass
Advice
Make sure to understand the concept of what you were taught. It will help with understanding the content as you're making your brain try to understand the information taken. This increases how long you memorize the content. It will come handy when taking future chemistry courses.