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Preparation, REACTIONS OF ALDEHYDES, REACTIONS OF KETONES - Coggle Diagram
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REACTIONS OF ALDEHYDES
Oxidation
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With Fehling's Solution
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warmed with
aldehydes,
the deep blue colour of the Fehling’s solution dissapears and a brick-red (reddish-brown) precipitate of copper (I) oxide (Cu2O) is obtained
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Nucleophilic addition
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Hydrogen cyanide
Cyanohydrin may be formed using liquid HCN with a
catalytic amount of sodium cyanide or potassium cyanide
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Grinard Reagent
a strong nucleophile resembling a carbanion, R:- attacks the electrophilic carbonyl carbon atom to give an alkoxide intermediate
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Condensation
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With 2,4-
dinitrophenylhydrazone
A solution of 2,4-DNP in methanol and H2SO4: Brady’s Reagent
Aldehydes reacts with 2,4-DNP at room temperature
give a yellow-orange precipitate of 2,4-
dinitrophenylhydrazone
The formation of a yellow or orange precipitate when 2,4-DNP
reacts with an organic compound at room temperature is used
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To identify an aldehyde or a ketone by measuring the melting point
of the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone formed
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2,4-Dinitrohydrazones have characteristic sharp melting points
Haloform reaction
Iodoform Test
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If an alkaline solution of iodine is warmed with an organic compound and a yellow precipitate of triiodomethane is produced, the organic compound is likely to be one of the following
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REACTIONS OF KETONES
Condensation
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Reaction with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
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