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Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (CIRDC) - Coggle Diagram
Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (CIRDC)
Clinical signs
sneezing
nasal and ocular discharge
lower respiratory disease
cough
systemic disease
most afebrile at presentation, but may have transient pyrexia
most bright with normal appetite, some lethargic and inappetant
associated viral pathogens
parainfluenza
adenovirus 2
respiratory coronavirus
Herpes virus 1
pneumovirus
canine distemper and canine influenza (H3N8 and H3N2) may be associated with URT signs, but also cause more severe systemic disease in a proportion of infected dogs.
H3N2 can infect cats
Bacterial pathogens
bordetella bronchiseptica
can also infect people - esp. those with respiratory disease or immune compromise and also cats.
mycoplasma spp
streptococcus zooepidemicus
Pathogenesis
incubation for most pathogens is typically 2-3d (but can range from 2d-6w)
all pathogens have a preclinical shedding period
clinical signs and shedding typically lasts for 5-10d
typically mild, self-limited and resolve with supportive care
severe infection sometimes seen esp. in younger/immunocompromised animals
history
high pitched paroxysmal high pitched cough
worse during excitement/activity
the bout of coughing often ends with a gag
may be production of small amount of frothy phlegm
recent exposire (2-10 days) to other dogs
treatment
antibiotics to prevent development of secondary bacterial pneumonia
1st choice = doxycycline
other choices: oxytetracycline, potentiated sulphonamides or amoxicillin/clavulonic acid
7-10 day course
longer courses may be necessary. Bordetella bronchiseptica can survive in the respiratory tract for up to 3 months
can give antitussive e.g. butorphanol to help provide cough relief, but avoid if pneumonia
0.5-1mg/kg/day prednisolone for 5 days
only if non-febrile, severe cough. appear systemically well and have a clear chest on auscultation
intranasal vaccines against bordetella bronchiseptica plus canine parainfluenza virus
bordetella bronchiseptica takes 72h to develop. protection against parainfluenza is not achieved for 3 weeks
immunity lasts 12 months
does not guarantee protection v kennel cough and dogs may still be symptomatic after receiving them