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Euglenophyta and Dinophyta - Coggle Diagram
Euglenophyta and Dinophyta
Euglenophyta
Nutrition:
Photoautotrophic
-use light and inorganic C for nutrition
-Chlorophyll a and b and carotenoids
Mixotrophic
-use both light and organic C
Heterotrophic
-use organic C
-phagocytosis: uptake solid particulate material by invagination of the plasma membrane
-colourless
Cell Covering:
pellicle
-proteinaceous strips
flagella
eyespot
-red or orange light sensing system to orient and direct swimming
vacuole
-eliminates excess water accumulated from osmosis
nucleus and nuclear division
-uninucleate
-condensed chromosomes
-nuclear envelope does not break down in mitosis
plastids and pigments
-one or many plastids
-chloroplast had 3 membranes
-thylakoids associated in triplets
-pyrenoids often present
Storage products
-paramylon
-stored in granules or large bodies in cytoplasm
Reproduction
-mitosis
habitat
-marine
-freshwater
Dinoflagellates
Cell covering:
theca: complex of cellulose plates
naked: cellulose plates thin or missing
Nutrition:
photoautotrophic
heterotrophic
-saprophytic: ingest organic material
-phagocytic: ingest particles or whole organisms
-parasitic: absorb nutrients from body fluids of living host
Nucleus:
does not have histones
more DNA
chromosomes always condensed
chromosomes attach to nuclear membrane during division
Plastids:
one or several
chlorophyll a and c
carotenoids
-peridinin
-dinoxanthin
-diadinoxanthin
chloroplast has 3 membranes
Storage products:
starch
-forms in cytoplasm
-sometimes form a cap on a pyrenoid
lipids droplets
Reproduction:
asexual -mitosis
sexual
-several species
-dominant life cycle stage
Habitat:
mainly marine
planktonic
some benthic species
some endosymbionts
Cryptophytes
Morphology:
unicellular flagellates
sessile palmelloid stages
nanoplankton
Flagella:
two unequal flagella
flagella covered in scales
Nutrition:
photoautotrophic
-contain pigments for photosynthesis
heterotrophic
-no pigments
-ingest particulate material
mixotrophic
-contain pigments
-ingest particulate material
Chloroplast:
surrounded by nuclear envelope
contain chlorophyll a and c, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin
thylakoids in pairs
pigments located within thylakoids
contain a large pyrenoid
Plastids:
some lack chloroplasts
Storage product:
starch grains
formed outside chloroplast
sometimes oil depletes
Cell covering:
protein periplast
-rectangular or polygonal plates
inner plates: anchored to overlaying over-lying plasmalemma by polygonal arrays of intra-membrane particles
outer plates: similar plates with the same morphology may cover outside of plasmalemma
rosette scales
-may also be present on exterior
Nucleus:
large
many chromosomes
open mitosis
-nuclear membrane breaks down
Reproduction:
asexual -binary fission
sexual
-heteromorphic diplobiontic