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MAYER'S 12 PRINCIPLES OF MULTIMEDIA LEARNING : - Coggle Diagram
MAYER'S 12 PRINCIPLES
OF MULTIMEDIA LEARNING
:
MULTIMEDIA
This principle tells that people learn better when words and pictures than from words alone. Accessing both channels doubles the chances the learner will retain the information presented.
SIGNALLING
When cues that highlight the organization of the essential material are added that's the way people learn better. Inserting cues that direct the learner’s attention toward the essential material is key to reducing extraneous processing, or cognitive overload.
REDUNDANCY
Redundancy creates cognitive overload by having to visually scan between pictures and on-screen text which can also tire the learner mentally. People learn better from graphics and narration than from graphics, narration, and printed text.
TEMPORAL CONTIGUITY
Corresponding words and pictures are presented simultaneously rather than successively. When the animation/image and the narration/words are presented to the learner at different times, it is more difficult for the learner to create mental representations and the working memory is quickly overloaded.
VOICE
Human voice rather than computer voice is the best way of learning and teaching. Human voice conveys the sense of social. Speak in a friendly voice and avoid using the machine voice.
COHERENCE
Learning improves when extraneous material is excluded rather than included. Learning is improved when interesting but irrelevant words, pictures, sounds, music, and symbols are eliminated from the lesson.
MODALITY
This principle states that humans learn best from visuals and spoken words than from visuals and printed words. Too much text can make the students overwhelmed.
PRE-TRAINING
People learn more deeply from a multimedia message when they know the names and characteristics of the main concepts. This principle is best used when the material presented is complex or fast-paced, and when the learner is unfamiliar with the content.
SEGMENTING
This principle states that humans learn best when information is presented in segments, rather than one long continuous stream. In multimedia, Mayer believes that people should have control of the pace of learning, as it makes them performed better in recall test. Segments is better than the continuous long video.
IMAGE
Based on Mayer, humans do not necessarily learn better from a talking head video. In short, your image does not need to be on screen as it will become a distraction to the learners.
PERSONALIZATION
This principle says that humans learn best from a more informal, conversational voice than an overly formal voice. This is because using a conversational voice will make others participate in the learning rather than a passive learning.
SPATIAL CONTIGUITY
The actual space in between your text and visuals on the screen. Place words and pictures near each other on the page of the screen