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Activity dependent myelin plasticity - Coggle Diagram
Activity dependent myelin plasticity
with higher order brain function
coincides with the development od cognitive functions
influenced by functional activity and participate in learning and neural circuit plasticity
white matter changes in brain during learning and in association with cognitive development
eg: extensive piano playing
spike-timing dependent plasticity
hypothesis: neurons that fire together enhance their connection
methods: fire post neuron before or after EPSP
development of oligodendrocytes
oligodendrocyte precursor cell (even in adults, source of new myelin -> premyelinating oligodendrocyte -> myelinating oligodendrocyte
OPC almost the only divided cell in human brain (neurogensis also occurs in olfactory bulb and subgranular zone of hippocampus
OPC can also diffrentiate into neurons (only in vitro
neuronal activity and generation of oligodendrocytes
increased OPC
environmental enrichment
physical exercise
running wheel and novelty detection
glutamate receptor activation
TTX (AP blockers) inhibits proliferation of OPCs
experiment
manipulated mouse with more myelinated neurons learns quicker
memory training in human increase white matter
oligodendrocytes preferentially myelinate active neurons
initial axon contacts are mostly retracted: trials and error in zebrafish
vesicle release enhance myelination
neurons can be melinated, partially myelinated or not myelinated. myelination can also be degraded (the basis for myelination plasticity
tuning synchrony in networks
more than 2 cell need to involve in network regulation
possible cellular mechanism
myelin induction:
axo-glial junction initiating myelination
MBP etc
synaptic junction with OPC
non-synaptic junction with OPC
application
increase neuronal activity to improve multiple sclerosis