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Glaciation and Urbanisation - Coggle Diagram
Glaciation
and
Urbanisation
Factors affecting the rate of urbanisation
Migration
Push factors
Poor harvests
Limited opportunities for well-paid employment
Limited services (electricity schools, health care)
Poor transport infrastructure
issues associated with climate change, such as desertification, soil erosion, floods and drought
Pull factors
Prospect of better paid employment
Better schools and health care provision
Friends and family already living in urban areas encourage others to join them
better public transport facilities and access to services such as water and electricity
large market for goods and services e.g street vendors selling food or providing services
Natural Increase
More births than deaths
many people living in towns and cities- mainly new migrants are between the ages 18-35
there is a higher birth rate and a high rate of natural increase
the natural increase is likely to increase as the population structure becomes more youthful
Wealth
Megacities
A city with a population over 10,000
Tokyo is the largest city in the world with 38 million people
in 2015 there were 28 mega cities. in 2030 there are expected to be over 40
Urbanisation is the result of migration, as people move from the countryside into cities, and
natural increase
, as birth rates exceed death rates in large cities.
Urban Regeneration Project in the UK -
Olympic Park, London
Glacial Processes
Freeze-Thaw Weathering
Waters enters cracks, freezes and expands. This repeats until a bit of rock breaks off and collects as scree.
Plucking
where a glacier moves over an area of rock. Due to friction, the glacier melts and water seeps into cracks around the rocks below. the water refreezes and the rock effectively becomes part of the glacier and is ripped out when the glacier continues to move forward
Abrasion
rocks carried along the river wear down the river bed and banks
Glacial Movement and Transportation
Glacier advance
Occurs when accumulation exceeds the ablation.
Glacier retreat
Occurs when ablation exceeds accumulation.
moraines
medial moraine
Lateral Moraine
terminal moraine
recessional moraine
ground moraine
Glacial Landforms
Corries
Aretes
Pyramidal peaks
Glacial Troughs
Ribbon Lakes
Erratics
Drumlins
