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6.0 Using Health Services - Coggle Diagram
6.0 Using Health Services
6.1 Recognition & Interpretation of Symptoms
6.1.1 Symptom recognition
Situational Factor
A situation makes people more attentive to symptoms than does an interesting situations
Stress
People with stress belief that they vulnerable to disease
1.Individual Difference
People with high neuroticism recognize & report symptom quickly
Neurotic & anxious people are more attentive to symptoms
Mood
People with good mood rate them healthy, report fewer symptoms and illness-related-memories
Attentional Difference
People who focused on themselves recognize symptom quicker.
6.1.2 Interpretation of symptom
Determined by:
Expectations
Symptoms
not expected (being ignored)
expected (being amplified)
Perceived risk
Body sensations as indicator of illness
Regards other as carriers
Seriousness of symptoms
People seek treatment if:
limits mobility
affect high value organ
symptom caused pain
Prior Experience
People with medical condition regard condition as less serious
Common disorder are disregard with less serious condition than rare
6.1.3 Cognitive Representative of Illness
Three models of illness
Chronic
Caused by multiple factor in long /continued period &give severe effect
Cyclic
Marked in alternating period either it give more/no symptoms
Acute
By specific agent in short time& has short term effect
People hold belief or cognitive representative about illness that affect treatment seeking behavior
Importance:
Can lend coherent to person's comprehensions
it influence:
Expectation of future conditions/outcomes
Preventive behavior
Adherence of treatment recommendations
Reaction towards experience
Commonsense key components:
Identify/Label for an illness
Control/Cure
Causes
Time line
Consequences
Implications
Treatment
6.1.4 Lay Referral Networks
Informal
Network of acquintances who offer their interpretation of symptoms
Often recommend home remedies as more effective rather traditional medicine.
6.1.5 Internet
Many used internet to get health related info
May be beneficial
May lead to worse consequences
6.2 Who uses Health Services
GENDER
WOMEN>MAN
Sensitive to body disruptions
Not subjected to pressure & pain
Due to pregnancy & childbirthh
SOCIAL CLASS & CULTURE
AFFLUENT>LOWER CLASS
not many high quality medical services available for unfortunate
poor people only see physician if its emergency
poor people have limited access to medical services
AGE
YOUNG CHILDREN (develop more childhood disease requiring immunity)
ELDERLY (because of aging)
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTOR
Belief towards symptoms & health services
Attitudes towards life
Misusing Health Services
Delay Behavior
Person who live with the symptom in long time without seek a treatment
Period of delay (time when recognize symptom and seek treatment)
Illness Delay (Time between recognition symptom & treatment seeking decisions)
Behavioral Delay (Time between decision & action)
Appraisal Delay (Time when individual decide symptom is serious)
Medical Delay (Time between health appointment & real medical services))
Use Health Services for Emotional Disturbances
Absenteeism
Use medical illness as reason of absent
Required to documented the absences *MC to collect wages
Psychiatric Disorder
Not medical complains, come from anxiety/depressions
The conditions are accompanied by physical symptoms
Causes of delay
Similar symptom to minor illness
Symptom are easily acommodated & do not provoked alarm
Financial Problems
No regular contact with physicians
Phobic to medical services
Symptoms aren't hurt/ easily change