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Chapter 5: Agricultural Practices of Malaysia - Coggle Diagram
Chapter 5: Agricultural Practices of Malaysia
Historical Developement
Pre-indpendence
Rubber Plantation, tea, cocoa, cofffe
Post-independence
FELDA and FELCRA
Smallholders : subsistence crops ---> cash crops
New Economic Policy (1970-1984):
1st National Agricultural Policy (NAP) (1984- 1991)
2nd NAP (1992-1997)
NAP 3 (1998-2010)
During Pre-independence
coffee plantation, rubber, tea, paddy
Malaysian Agriculture’s Characteristics
. Estate / Plantation
Owned by private companies or public land development agencies.
Crops involve : cocoa, rubber and oil palm.
Small Holder
Less commercialized
Crops: rice, fruits and vegetables
Industrial Crops
Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis)
Second major plantation crop in Malaysia
Introduced in 1877, from Amazon Basin, Brazil.
Dominant plantation for 80 years.
Coconut (Cocos nucifera)
4th largest crop in the country
Oil Palm (Elaeis guianeensis)
Largest planted crop in Malaysia
Origin: Sierra Leone, Africa
First planted in Malaysia in 1917.
Cocoa (Theobroma cacao)
Most planting areas in Sabah
Processing in Peninsular Malaysia
Malaysia cocoa special characteristic: High melting point
Coffee
Smallholder in Johor and Selangor.
Types: Liberica; Robusta; Arabica
Sugarcane
In Perlis and Kedah
Fulfilled only 10% local consumption.
Import from Australia, Fiji and Thailand
Tea
In Cameron Highlands, Selangor and Perak
Type grown: Assam
Rice
3rd largest planted crop in the coutnry
Mainly in Peninsular Malaysia at 8 granary area
Livestock
Non-ruminant: Poultry and swine
Higly commercialised and high technology.
Contributed 72% in country livestock production
Fisheries & Aquaculture
Important commodity: Prawn
Steady growth since 2000.
New Source of Growth
Herbs & spices; Pharmaceuticals, Natural Products
Rapid growth at 10-15% per annum.
Currently, planted by small holders.
Agricultural Marketing
export crop sector
Palm Oil: 3 main types oil palm producers:
Independent small holders:
Producers in land development scheme:
Private estates:
food sector
Small farms and minimal involvement by government or corporate sectors.