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Geography part 1 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - destruction various infrastructure
        
        seismic waves cause cracks to form in infrastructure and reduces the structural integrity of buildings
      - Claiming of lives
        
        Earthquakes and associated hazards threaten lives of those living in earthquake zones.(Find the table in pg 37 of geog TB)
      - Factors that affect the amount of impact of the earthquakes
        
        population density in the certain area
        
        more densely populated --> more deaths and damages
        
        Level of Preparedness
        
        amount of preparation taken by the authority and citizens to make a significant difference which will better prepare trained rescue personnel
        
        Distance from the epicenter
        
        as seismic energy gets weaker as it travels further away from the epicenter
        
        Distance from the epicenter affects the amount of damage done
        
        Type of soil
        
        places with loose soil will be liquefied and cause the loss of structural integrity of the building
        
        e.g Christchurch
        
        TIme of occurence
        
        it later at night, more people will be sleeping and be more caught off-guard and easily trapped upon destruction of infrastructure
        
        Magnitude of the earthquake
        
        amount of energy released during the earthquake
      - Secondary efforts
        
        Tsunami
        
        Fires
        
        Fracturing of gas pipes (gas leak)
        
        Landslides
  - - - cause the shaking of the ground
        
        weaken slopes of hills/mountains loosen soil(erosion)
        
        rapid downslope movement of soil, rock and vegetatons debris + rainfall saturates the loosened soil and leads to mud formation
        
        the mudflows gain speed and slide down slopes of mountains and become landslides
- - - - sinking portion pushes the two oceanic plates together
        
        denser oceanic crust subducts under the less dense continental crust
        
        subduction One forms and causes the solid mantle above it to melt
        
        layers of sedimentary rocks form at the edge of the continental crust
        
        compressional forces cause layer of rocks to buckle to fold and form and fold mountains
  - - - both plate since have similar densitieis
        
        they will both resist subduction
        
        causing buildup in compressional forces and over time cause plates to break and slide along fractures in the crust
        
        layers of sedimentary rocks form at the edge of the continental crusts
        
        Compressional forces causes layers of rocks to fold and buckle to form fold mountains.
- - - - Fractures can become more extensive over time, along these faults, section of the crusts can extend along the fault lines
        
        tensional forces can cause a central block of land to subside between a pair of parallel faults which causes a rift valley to form (Valleys with steep sides along the fault lines )
        
        Block mountain will also be formed when the block of land with steep slopes is left to stand higher that that of the surrounding land.
- - - - which causes a build up of stress/frictional force and eventually releases the stress in the form of earthquakes (Shallow-focused)
- - - - Rising portion of the Convection Currents pulls the two oceanic plates
        
        Fractures form due to tensional forces and magma rises from the aesthenosphere to the surface to fill the gaps
        
        magma cools and solidifies , forming new seafloor
        
        Over time, magma cool and solidify to form the mid-atlantic ridge. Points along the ridge that rise above the ocean due to accumulation of magma forms volcanic islands.