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Radiolucent Lesions, Reference: Delong, Burkhart,2019,p 463 - 488 - Coggle…

- - - - Etiology: odontogenic in development; arise from a cystic change in dental follicle following crown formation when follicle separates from crown of tooth
        Pathogenesis: arise from cell rests of dental lamina
        Transmission: none
        Epidemiology: second most commonly occurring odontogenic cyst; dentigerous cysts are most commonly occurring developmental cysts of jaw; found in young age group; especially in those with unerupted third molars
        Pathogenesis: accumulation of fluid between completely formed crown of tooth and reduced enamel epithelium; attachment is at CEJ
        Characteristics: evident on radiographs, with no symptoms of pain or discomfort reported; well circumscribed, unilocular, and multilocular; around an impacted tooth
        Dental: delayed tooth eruption is common
        Treatment and Prognosis: complete removal of cyst since recurrence is high when not fully removed
    - - Etiology: considered a variant of dentigerous cyst and caused by accumulation of fluid or blood between the crown of erupting tooth and reduced enamel organ, due to trauma
        Transmission: none
        Epidemiology: not gender specific; most occur in deciduous teeth and permanent molars of children
        Pathogenesis: painless and found around crown of unerupted tooth; cyst will rupture following eruption of relevant tooth
        Characteristics: tissue of eruption cyst may have darker appearance and appear elevated; smooth bluish swelling on crest of alveolar ridge; radiographic finding of an eruption cyst is enlarged follicular space; bluish cast due to inflammatory inner core and blood accumulation; blood-and-fluid-filled cavity
        Dental: failure of tooth to erupt
        Treatment and Prognosis: no treatment is necessary; removal of overlying tissue could facilitate a quicker eruption; tooth eventually erupts through the tissue and cyst disappears
  - - - Etiology: develops from dental lamina or remnants; developmental cyst; very aggressive
        Transmission: none
        Epidemiology: three times more common in mandible; more in males; age group 5 - 92 yrs
        Pathogenesis: source of OKC is cell rests of dental lamina
        Characteristics: most often posterior mandibular; may become large enough to displace teeth and extend through cancellous bone into oral cavity; jaw becomes weakened, fracture is likely; multilocular or unilocular, well circumscribed on radiograph, radiolucent, with scalloped appearance; round and ovoid and appear laterally to tooth
        Dental: association with nevoid BCC syndrome is important; prompt treatment is required
        Treatment and Prognosis: recurrence is high but varied; careful removal of entire cyst is crucial and capsule must be removed intact so that daughter cells do not remain; decompression; allowing cyst to shrink before definitive surgical removal
  - - - Etiology: derived from reduced enamel epithelium or odontogenic epithelium; types - nonneoplastic, neoplastic and malignant
        Transmission: none
        Epidemiology: occur at any age; 20 -40 years old
        Pathogenesis: seen radiographically with varying amounts of radiodensity
        Characteristics: masses within oral tissues, most always within gingiva; resemble gingival cyst or peripheral giant cell granuloma; occur in any location; Radiographically: unilocular or multilocular radiolucencies with clearly defined margins; mixtures of calcifications and radiolucent properties
        Dental: definitive diagnosis is important to rule out more aggressive lesions and complete removal
        Treatment and Prognosis: surgical excision; prognosis is good; recurrence is sometimes seen
    - - Etiology: fissural cyst that arose from epithelium that was thought to be trapped when globular portion of median nasal process fused when globular portion of median nasal process fused with maxillary process
        Transmission: none
        Epidemiology: none
        Pathogenesis: in the globulomaxillary region between maxillary lateral incisor and canine
        Characteristics: inverted pear-shaped; divergence of tooth roots; circumscribed and radiolucent
        Dental: vitality must be evaluated; endodontic therapy is necessary
        Treatment and Prognosis: surgical removal; prognosis is good; recurrence is rare; treatment depends on microscopic evaluation of lesion
    - - Etiology: derived from odontogenic origins; locally aggressive Transmission: none
        Epidemiology: rare, no gender preference; ages 50 - 70
        Pathogenesis: odontogenic structures
        Characteristics: swelling/expansion; pain; discomfort; infection; paresthesia; well-defined unilocular or multilocular radiolucency involving periapical area of multiple teeth
        Dental: follow-up is important because recurrence is likely; radiographic examinations are important for early diagnosis
        Treatment and Prognosis: treated conservatively with enucleation, curettage, cystectomy and excision; recurrence is 50%; curettage, enucleation, and partial osteotomy
    - - Etiology: developmental cyst; located in nasopalative canal; from epithelial remnants of embryologic structure of nasopalatine ducts; infection or stimulation
        Transmission: none
        Epidemiology: ages 40 - 60; male predilection
        Pathogenesis: developmental and are located within nasopalatine canal proximity or incisive papillae
        Characteristics: swelling; elevation of external surfaces around nose and lip area; pain, tenderness and drainage in maxillary incisor
        Dental: not radiographically diagnostic and must be removed and biopsied for definitive microscopic evaluation
        Treatment and Prognosis: complete surgical removal is needed; prognosis is good and recurrence rate is low with complete removal
  - - - Etiology: defect in mandible that surrounds salivary gland tissue; entrapment of salivary gland tissue and is not lined by epithelium
        Transmission: none
        Epidemiology: adults; present from birth
        Pathogenesis: lingual mandibular cortical bone erosion from hyperplastic salivary gland tissue or entrapment of salivary gland tissue during development of mandible
        Characteristics: asymptomatic; discovered in panorex film; below the mandibular canal; sharply circumscribed, oval, radiolucent lesion with a sclerotic border; found at angle of mandible
        Dental; diagnosed using radiographs; when location is superior to mandibular canal, biopsy is needed to rule out pathology
        Treatment and Progress: followed long term; note changes in pt record