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Ecology of the Peer Group - Coggle Diagram
Ecology of the Peer Group
Peers: individuals who are about the same gender, age, and social status, and who share interests
Peers are socializers because they
Satisfy certain belonging needs
Often preferred to other socializing agents
Influence not only social development, but cognitive and psychological development
Peer groups satisfy certain needs
Belonging to a group
Social interaction
Development of self (personal identity)
Babies who form secure attachments during their first year are described when they reach 3 1/2 as socially involved with their peers
Approach others with positive expectations
Preschool children's social interaction are affected by their willingness of adults to provide opportunities
Adolescents generally delineate their belonging needs and consequent social interactions according to the closeness of the relationship
School age children have an increase of opportunities for socialization
Infants (6 month area) look at, vocalize to, smile at, and touch other infants, distinguishing themselves from others
Children around the age of 2 or 3 have a chance to play a variety of roles that were not available to them in the family context
Ages 6-12 or 13 peer groups provide opportunities for greater independence than the family
Ages 13-18 peer group activities escalate
Individuals who do not have normal peer relations are affected later in their psychological development
Social competence
Age: children are more susceptible to the influence of peers in middle childhood and become less conforming in adolescence
Situation: social conformity is even more apparent in ambiguous situations where children are unsure about what they should do or are supposed to do
Personal values: conformity to antisocial behavior and neutral situations peaked in the ninth grade and then dropped off to previous levels
Social Cognition
Preoperational
ages 2 to 7 (intuitive rather than logical
Concrete operational
ages 7 to 11 (logical principles to tangible experiences)
Formal operational
ages 11 and on (logically think about ideas and hypotheses)
Using reinforcement as a behavior modification technique requires waiting for the behavior to appear and then reinforcing it
Modeling
Situation
Model
Observer
Getting along with others is related to the ability to empathize
Bullying is aggressive behavior intended to cause harm or distress
Sociotherapy is an intervention to help children who have trouble making and keeping friends learn to relate to others