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Chapter 6 Probability, Chapter 8 Hypothesis, Chapter 7: Distribution of…
Chapter 6 Probability
unit normal table A table listing proportions corresponding to each z-score location in a normal distribution. 
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The body always corresponds to the larger part of the distribution whether it is on the right-hand side or the left-hand side.
Although the z-score values change signs (+ and −) from one side to the other, the proportions are always positive.
the normal distribution is symmetrical, the proportions on the right-hand side are exactly the same as the corresponding proportions on the left-hand side
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The unit normal table lists relationships between z-score locations and proportions in a normal distribution.
Random Sampling
For the preceding definition of probability to be accurate, it is necessary that the outcomes be obtained by a process
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independent random sample requires that each individual has an equal chance of being selected and that the probability of being selected stays constant from one selection to the next if more than one individual is selected.
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the normal distribution graph
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the normal distribution is symmetrical with a single mode in the middle.
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the percentages shown in the figure apply to any normal distribution regardless of the values for the mean and the standard deviation.
the probability for any specific outcome is defined as a fraction or a proportion of all the possible outcomes. If the possible outcomes are identified as A, B, C, D, and so on, then
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Percentile Rank is the percentage of the individuals in the distribution who have scores that are less than or equal to the specific score.
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probability is defined as a proportion, or a part of the whole
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Sampling with replacement A sampling technique that returns the current selection to the population before the next selection is made. A required part of random sampling.
Chapter 8 Hypothesis
Hypothesis Testing
a hypothesis test uses the limited information from a sample to reach a general conclusion about a population.
A hypothesis test is a statistical method that uses sample data to evaluate a hypothesis about a population.
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combine the concepts of z-scores, probability, and the distribution of sample means to create a new statistical procedure known as a hypothesis test.
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effect size:A measure of effect size is intended to provide a measurement of the absolute magnitude of a treatment effect, independent of the size of the sample(s) being used.
effect size:measurement of the absolute magnitude of a treatment's influence on the dependent variable
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