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Endocrine System Introduction CHAPTER 47 - Coggle Diagram
Endocrine System Introduction CHAPTER 47
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
The endocrine system is a complex communication network composed of glands and glandular tissue that make, store, and secrete chemical messengers called hormones.
ANATOMY
The endocrine system is composed of glands and glandular tissue that make, store, and secrete hormones; it affects virtually every cell in the human body.
The exocrine glands such as sweat glands pass secretions through ducts or tubes that empty outside the body or into the lumen or opening of other organs.
FUNCTION
Feedback mechanisms control the production and secretion of hormones.
Negative feedback, high levels of a substance inhibit hormone synthesis and secretion whereas low levels stimulate hormone synthesis and secretion.
Positive feedback, high levels of a substance stimulate hormone synthesis and secretion whereas low levels inhibit additional hormone synthesis and secretion.
Anterior pituitary gland secretes GH, ACTH, TSH, FSH, LH, prolactin, and MSH.
Posterior pituitary secretes ADH and oxytocin.
DRUGS
Glucocorticoids control carbohydrate, lipid, and fat metabolism; regulate antiinflammatory and immune responses; and control emotional states.
The organs of the endocrine system include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, testes (in the man), and ovaries (in the woman).
The function of the endocrine system is to maintain homeostasis despite the constant changes that occur in the environment.
ASSESSMENT
The nursing assessment of the patient with an endocrine disorder is very comprehensive because of the many systemic effects of endocrine disease.
TEST
Conventional radiographs, CT scans, MRI, angiography, and ultrasound may be used to detect structural abnormalities of the endocrine glands.