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CHAPTER 10: Sustainable Waste Management :check:, NOR KHAIRANI BINTI M…
CHAPTER 10: Sustainable Waste Management :check:
Objective :pencil2:
reduce amount of consuming natural resources
reuse natural resources as many time as possible
minimum the waste production
minimization pollution
sustainable waste management
household
reduce usage of paper
using recycled product
donate unwanted useful stuff
3R
composting food waste as homemade fertilizer
Gasification
Definition
Have extended use- not only in producing gas and energy, but also used for municipal solid
waste
Product syn-gas
Hydrogen
Methane
Carbon monoxide
Process
Industrial waste supplied into gasifier undergo gasification
NOx and SOx removal
Carbon monoxide conversion to CO2
Hydrogen become water
Type
Vertical Fixed Bed
Horizontal Fixed Bed
Fluidized Bed
Multiple Hearth
Rotary Kiln
Advantages
Easy to handle
syngas generate high quality fuel
Disadvantages
Syngas toxic and potentially explosive
Syngas conditioning and cleaning costly
Basic solution
recycling
multiple times use of resource
municipal collection and sorting
change from nonrenewable resources to renewable resources
waste to energy
Reduction in use of non renewable resources
Plastic
plastic waste highly pollute environment
air pollution because of plastic production
environment pollution because plastic take upto 1000 years to decompose
plastic widely use
various type of polymer used
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE)
Polypropylene (PP)
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
hard polymer
pipe
furniture
accessory
tire
soft polymer
food container
packaging warp
mask
waste management
reproduce plastic use natural resources
polylactic
corn
food waste
target zero non biodegradable plastic
recycle plastic
reduction of plastic usage
Petrol
environment pollution
oil spillage kill marine life
combustion
air pollution
human and animal health infection
greenhouse gases
thinner the ozone
petroleum sludge
solution
Oil Recovery from Petroleum Sludge
Solvent extraction
Centrifugation treatment
Surfactant enhanced oil recovery (EOR)
Freezing and thawing treatment
Sludge pyrolysis
Petroleum Sludge Disposal Methods
Incineration
Stabilization/Solidification
Bioremediation
Bio pile/composting
Bio-slurry treatment
Land farming
Composting to reuse energy
Option
Aerobic
composting
Aerobic biological conversion
Compost
Anaerobic
digestion
Anaerobic biological conversion
carbon dioxide
sludge
Methane
trace gases digested humus
Function
reduce the volume of waste
used for soil amendment
reduces erosion
improve soil nutrients
help suppress plant diseases
Why it is important
increase of world population increase the waste production
some resources can be reuse but waste, energy wasted
waste generated increase pollution
greenhouse effect, global warming
Pyrolysis
Definition
Thermal decomposition through application of intense, indirect heat in absence of oxygen
Product
Bio-oil
biochar
Synthetic gas
Process
Heat transfer from a heat source heated the biomass
Initiation of pyrolysis reaction in biomass due to the increased temperature.
Product form in vapor phase then condensed.
Auto-catalytic reaction between product
Waste treated
Waste tires
Wood material
Municipal solid waste
Biomass
Type
Slow
Several hour taken to complete
main product: Bio-char
Fast
2 second
60% yield bio-oil
Most widely used
Advantages
Performed in small scale
High efficiency and good environmental performance
NOR KHAIRANI BINTI M MORDANI 2016249836