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Qualitative Research - Coggle Diagram
Qualitative Research
Part 1: What is qualitative research?
Study
Perspectives of research participants toward events, beliefs or practices
Exploration-Beginning to understand a group or phenomenon-development of new theories
Research-main instrument
Data collection, interpretation, written narrative
Rely on disciplined inquiry
6 General step in QR
Identify research topics
Review of research
Selecting participants
Collecting data
Analysing data
Reporting evaluating and interpreting research
QR approaches
Case study
Ethnography-the cultural patterns and perspectives
Ethology
Ethnomethodology
Grounded theory
Phenomenology
Symbolic interaction
Action research
Historical research
Part 2: What are the first 3 step (step 1-step 3) of qualitative research?
Step 1: Selecting a research topic
Topics tend to be generally started
Strategies to narrow to scale of a qualitative study
Step 2: Reviewing the literature
Some researchers will only delve deeply into their literature when their topic has emerged
Step 3: Selecting research participants
Many participants are enough
1 participant to 60 or 70 participants(multiple context)
Rarely more than 20
Factors
Researcher's time, money
Participant availability
Part 3: Moving on to step 4-How do we collect data in QR?
Observation, interview, phone calls, personal and official documents, photographs, recording, drawings, e-mail messages and responses, informal conversations
A. Observation
Types
Participant observer
External or non participant observer
Field notes
The record of
What the observer has specifically seen or heard-emic data
Personal reaction-etic data
Data that will analysed
Notes made in the field (fresh to the researcher)
Protocol- list of issues to guide the observation
Field notes-provide thick description
Memo writing-simultaneous data collection and analysis
Recording observation
Assesing observer reliability
Quantitative
Qualitative
Training
Monitoring
B. Interview
Obtain important data-cannot acquire from observation
Experiences and feelings
Type
Structured-A specified set of questions to be asked
Unstructured-Questions being prompted by the flow of the interview
Semistructured-Combine both approaches
Collecting data from interview
Taking notes during the interview
Writing notes after the interview
Audio or videotaping the interview
Guidelines for interviewing
Listen more, talk less
Avoid leading questions
Don't interrupt
Tolerate silence
Part 4: Step 5- How do we analyse qualitative data? step 6- How do write a qualitative research report?
Data analysis
Lengthy and time consuming
Multistage process of organising, categorising, synthediding, interpreting and writing about the data
Each of these processes is iterative
Step
Data managing
Reading/memoing
Describing the context and participants
Classifying
Interpreting
Data Managing-write dates on all notes
Analysis requires 4 iteratives step
Reading/memoing
Becoming familiar with the data and identifying potential themes in it
Describing what is going on in the setting
Classifying research data
Categorising and coding pieces of data and grouping them into themes
Interpreting
synthesising the organised data into general written conclusions or understanding based on the data