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The Enlightenment, : - Coggle Diagram
The Enlightenment
18th century philosophical movement
common words to the thinkers
reason
natural love
hope
progress
Used the scientific method
to an understanding of all life
to progress toward a better society
influenced by
Isaac Newton
the natural laws that governed the physical world
John Locke
theory of knowledge
Economics
The Physiocrats, were interested in identifying the economic laws that governed human society
laissez-faire
the state should not interrupt in natural economic forces by imposing regulations on the economy
The Later Enlightenment
a new generation of philosophes
he argued that people had adopted laws and government to preserve their property but also had become enslaved
he presented his concept of the social contract
Philosophes and Their Ideas
They came from the nobility and the middle class
professors
journalists
writers
economists
social reformers
A few people dominated the landscape
Diderot
most famous contribution to the Enlightenment was the Encyclopedia, with the purpose of change the general way of thinking
Montesquieu
he tried to use the scientific method to find the
natural laws that govern the social and political relationships of human beings
he identified three basic kinds of governments
monarchies, ideal for moderate-size states
despotism, appropriate for large states
republics, suitable for small states
Voltaire
he championed deism, based on reason and natural law
he fought against religious intolerance in France
he criticized Christianity and his strong belief in religious toleration
Beccaria and Justice
system of
courts to deal with the punishment of crime
Cesare Beccaria
he opposed capital punishment
he argued that punishments should not be exercises in brutality
spread of its ideas to the literate elite of European society
growth of both
publishing and the reading public
elegant drawing rooms of the wealthy upper class's great urban houses
Rights of Women
female thinkers began to express their ideas about improving the condition of women
Mary
Wollstonecraft
Religion
most Europeans had devotion to God
new religious
movement
Methodism
by John
Wesley
bring people the “glad tidings” of salvation
had effect on the political life of European states
natural rights for all people
freedom of speech
freedom of the press
freedom of religious worship
right to assemble, hold property, and pursue happiness
equality before the law
The Art
impact on the world of culture
traditional practices
important changes
music
four composers
Johann Sebastian Bach
religious music
George Frederick Handel
music director
Haydn
musical director
Mozart
child prodigy
literature
the novel was especially attractive
Henry Fielding
art
an architectural style was created -
rococo
Balthasar Neumann
the Church of the Fourteen Saints
the Residence
expressed
nature of pleasure
fragility
sadness
love
live
a new type of monarchy surged
called enlightened absolutism
rulers tried to govern by Enlightenment principles while maintaining their royal powers
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